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首页> 外文期刊>Nanoscale Horizons >None of us is the same as all of us: resolving the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles using single-vesicle, nanoscale characterization with resonance enhanced atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR)
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None of us is the same as all of us: resolving the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles using single-vesicle, nanoscale characterization with resonance enhanced atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR)

机译:我们均不与我们所有人相同:使用单囊,纳米尺度表征与共振增强原子力显微镜红外光谱(AFM-IR)的纳米尺度表征来解决细胞外囊的异质性

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摘要

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly specialized, nanoscale messengers that deliver biological signals and in doing so mediate intercellular communication. Increasing evidence shows that within populations of EVs, important properties including morphology, membrane composition, and content vary substantially. This heterogeneity arises in response to the nature, state, and environmental conditions of the cell source. However, currently there are no effective approaches, which unequivocally discriminate differences between individual EVs, which critically hampers progress in this emerging scientific area. Measuring EV heterogeneity is paramount to our understanding of how EVs influence the physiological and pathological functions of their target cells. Moreover, understanding EV heterogeneity is essential for their application as diagnostics and therapeutics. We propose an innovative approach using resonance enhanced atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) to identify the nanoscale structural composition of EVs, as demonstrated and validated using EVs derived from two types of placenta stem cells. The particular strength of this approach is that it is a label-free and ultra-high sensitivity technique that has the power to measure individual EV heterogeneity. New insights gained by this method into EV heterogeneity will have a profound impact not only on our basic understanding of EV biology but also on disease diagnostics and the emerging area of EV-therapies.
机译:细胞外囊(EVS)高度专业,纳米级信使,可提供生物信号和这样做的介导的细胞间通信。越来越多的证据表明,在EVS的群体中,包括形态,膜组合物和含量的重要性质显着变化。这种异质性响应细胞来源的性质,状态和环境条件而产生。然而,目前没有有效的方法,其明确歧视个体EV之间的差异,这令人统治性地妨碍了这一新兴科学领域的进展。测量EV异质性对于我们对EVS如何影响其靶细胞的生理和病理功能的理解至关重要。此外,了解EV异质性对于诊断和治疗剂至关重要。我们提出了一种创新方法,使用共振增强的原子力显微镜红外光谱(AFM-IR)来鉴定EVS的纳米级结构组成,如使用来自两种类型的胎盘细胞的EVS所证明和验证。这种方法的特殊强度是它是一种无标记和超高敏感性技术,具有测量单个EV异质性的能力。这种方法进入EV异质性获得的新洞察力不仅对我们对EV生物学的基本了解而且对疾病诊断和EV治疗的新兴地区的基本影响产生了深远的影响。

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