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Drug resistance in papillary RCC: from putative mechanisms to clinical practicalities

机译:乳头状RCC中的耐药性:从推定机制到临床实践

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摘要

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype and accounts for 10-15% of all RCCs. Despite clinical need, few pharmacogenomics studies in pRCC have been performed. Moreover, current research fails to adequately include pRCC laboratory models, such as the ACHN or Caki-2 pRCC cell lines. The molecular mechanisms involved in pRCC development and drug resistance are more diverse than in clear-cell RCC, in which inactivation of VHL occurs in the majority of tumours. Drug resistance to multiple therapies in pRCC occurs via genetic alteration (such as mutations resulting in abnormal receptor tyrosine kinase activation or RALBP1 inhibition), dysregulation of signalling pathways (such as GSK3 beta-EIF4EBP1, PI3K-AKT and the MAPK or interleukin signalling pathways), deregulation of cellular processes (such as resistance to apoptosis or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and interactions between the cell and its environment (for example, through activation of matrix metalloproteinases). Improved understanding of resistance mechanisms will facilitate drug discovery and provide new effective therapies. Further studies on novel resistance biomarkers are needed to improve patient prognosis and stratification as well as drug development.
机译:乳头状肾细胞癌(PRCC)是第二种最常见的肾细胞癌(RCC)亚型,占所有RCC的10-15%。尽管有临床需求,但PRCC的少数药物研究员已经进行了。此外,目前的研究未能充分地包括PRCC实验室模型,例如ACHN或CAKI-2 PRCC细胞系。参与PRCC发育和耐药性的分子机制比透明细胞RCC更多样化,其中VHL的灭活发生在大多数肿瘤中。通过遗传改变(例如受受体酪氨酸激酶激活或RALBP1抑制的异常导致的突变),信号传导途径的失调(例如GSK3β-EIF4EBP1,PI3K-AKT和MAPK或白细胞介素信号传导途径)发生耐药性(例如导致的突变,例如导致的突变。 ,对细胞过程的放松管制(例如对细胞凋亡或上皮 - 间充质转变的抗性)和细胞与其环境之间的相互作用(例如,通过激活基质金属蛋白酶)。改善了对抗性机制的理解将促进药物发现并提供新的有效疗法。需要进一步研究新型抗性生物标志物,以改善患者预后和分层以及药物发育。

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