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首页> 外文期刊>Near surface geophysics >The fate of the historic fortifications at Alcatraz island based on terrestrial laser scans and ground-penetrating radar interpretations from the recreation yard
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The fate of the historic fortifications at Alcatraz island based on terrestrial laser scans and ground-penetrating radar interpretations from the recreation yard

机译：基于陆地激光扫描的Alcatraz岛的历史防御工件的命运和从娱乐场院的地面穿透雷达解释

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摘要

Alcatraz Island National Historic Landmark is best known as a former high-security federal penitentiary that once housed many of the United States most notorious gangsters. Today, it is a popular tourist destination adjacent to the Golden Gate Bridge in scenic San Francisco Bay. Alcatraz is less known in its former military role as a 19th-century coastal fortification protecting the interests of a rapidly westward-expanding nation during the turbulent era of Manifest Destiny, the 1849 Gold Rush and the Civil War. The fortification, with its underground ammunition magazines and tunnels, is important from a military history perspective, marking the transition to earthen structures from the traditional brick and masonry constructions that characterized earlier 19th-century coastal defences. In this paper, geophysical interpretations based upon an attribute analysis of ground-penetrating radar data are combined with terrestrial laser scans, georectifications based on historical documents, maps and photographs to develop an iterative model for locating and determining the extent and integrity of subsurface historical architectural remains beneath the former recreation yard of the Alcatraz penitentiary. Using this approach, remnants of buried structures including a 'bombproof' earthwork traverse and its underlying vaulted brick masonry tunnel and ventilation ducts were discovered to run east-west beneath the recreation yard. This integrative and iterative process permits accurate spatial identification of these and other 19th-century architectural structures depicted in historical documents. This approach can be applied to subsurface investigations at other important cultural landmarks worldwide.
机译：Alcatraz Island国家历史标志性标志最为被称为前高安全的联邦监狱，曾经拥有许多美国最臭名昭着的歹徒。今天，它是一个受欢迎的旅游目的地，毗邻风景秀丽的旧金山湾的金门大桥。阿尔卡特拉兹在其前军事角色较少，成为19世纪的沿海设防，保护在明显命运的动荡时代，1849年淘金匆匆和内战中的动荡时代迅速向西扩展国家的利益。与其地下弹药杂志和隧道的设防是从军事历史的角度来看重要的，从传统的砖和砌体建筑中标志着传统砖和砌体建筑的过渡，这些结构是早期的19世纪沿海防御。在本文中，基于地面穿透雷达数据的属性分析的地球物理解释与地面激光扫描结合，基于历史文献，地图和照片的Georecification来开发用于定位和确定地下历史建筑的范围和完整性的迭代模型仍然是阿尔卡特·监狱的前娱乐场所。使用这种方法，发现包括“炸弹”土方工程的埋藏结构及其潜在的拱形砖砌隧道和通风管道，以便在娱乐场院下面跑东西。这种综合和迭代过程允许准确的空间识别这些和其他19世纪的历史文献中描绘的建筑结构。这种方法可以应用于全世界其他重要文化地标的地下调查。

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