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Optogenetic Tools for Subcellular Applications in Neuroscience

机译：神经科学中亚细胞应用的致光学工具

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Summary The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules has?profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes fluorescent sensors?to visualize signaling events in living cells and optogenetic actuators enabling manipulation of?numerous cellular activities. Most optogenetic tools are not targeted to specific subcellular compartments but are localized with limited discrimination throughout the cell. Therefore, optogenetic activation often does not reflect context-dependent effects of highly localized intracellular signaling events. Subcellular targeting is required to achieve more specific optogenetic readouts and photomanipulation. Here we first provide a detailed overview of the available optogenetic tools with a focus on?optogenetic actuators. Second, we review established strategies for targeting these tools to specific subcellular compartments. Finally, we discuss useful tools and targeting strategies that are currently missing from the optogenetics repertoire and provide suggestions for novel subcellular optogenetic applications. The subcellular targeting of optogenetic molecules provides exciting new opportunities to manipulate neuronal cell biology. In this review, Rost et?al. summarize currently available optogenetic tools and established subcellular targeting strategies and highlight important optogenetic tools that remain to be developed.
机译：发明内容使用光敏遗传编码分子研究细胞生理学的能力有？深刻转化的神经科学。现代光学工具箱包括荧光传感器？在活细胞和致灭官致动器中可视化信号传导事件，从而能够操纵？许多细胞活性。大多数致敏工具未靶向特定的亚细胞隔室，但在整个细胞中均有有限的鉴别。因此，光学激活通常不会反映高度局部化细胞内信号传导事件的上下文依赖性影响。需要亚细胞靶向来达到更具体的致光生读数和光学尺寸。在这里，我们首先提供了可用的光学工具的详细概述，具有专注于on？光学执行器。其次，我们审查了针对特定亚细胞隔间定位这些工具的建立策略。最后，我们讨论了OptoGetics reptoire的有用工具和目标策略，并为新型亚细胞致光学应用提供了建议。亚细胞的嘌呤分子靶向提供了操纵神经元细胞生物学的令人兴奋的新机会。在这篇评论中，Rost等人。总结当前可用的光源工具和建立的亚细胞靶向策略，并突出了仍有待开发的重要原型工具。

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