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首页> 外文期刊>Neuropsychologia >Task difficulty modulates age-related differences in the behavioral and neural bases of language production
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Task difficulty modulates age-related differences in the behavioral and neural bases of language production

机译：任务难度调制与语言生产的行为和神经基础相关的年龄相关的差异

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Older adults typically show decline in a variety of cognitive functions including inhibitory control and language production, with corresponding age-related increases in fMRI activation. However, it remains unclear whether such increases are compensatory or whether they reflect neural decline. One factor that may influence these brain-behavior relationships is difficulty. The current study investigated the effect of difficulty on age-related differences in the behavioral and neural bases of language production and inhibitory control using a phonological Go/No-Go picture naming task. Task demands were manipulated by varying the proportion of naming trials (Go trials) and inhibition trials (No-Go trials) across runs. All participants showed task-difficulty related declines in behavioral performance and increases in fMRI activation. Behaviorally, older adults were more sensitive to task difficulty, and elicited more fMRI activation than younger adults. Older adults were less neurally responsive to additional task demands (i.e., picture naming alone vs. Go/No-Go picture naming), but interestingly showed similar within-task increases as younger adults (e.g., Go Bias vs. No-Go Bias). Moreover, the relationships between fMRI activation and behavioral performance in older adults were multifaceted and the strength of these relations changed as a function of task difficulty. Specifically, activation in pre- and post- central gyri, right supramarginal and angular gyri was negatively correlated with naming reaction times, suggesting that activation in these regions may help mitigate age-related declines in language production. These findings are partially consistent with the CRUNCH model, highlighting the important influence of task difficulty on older adults' behavioral performance and their patterns of fMRI activation during language production.
机译：年龄较大的成年人通常显示出各种认知功能的下降，包括抑制控制和语言生产，具有相应的年龄相关的FMRI激活增加。但是，仍然尚不清楚这种增加是否是补偿性的还是反映神经衰退。可能影响这些脑行为关系的一个因素是困难的。目前的研究调查了使用语音GO / No-Go图片命名任务的语言生产和抑制控制行为和神经基础的年龄相关差异的效果。通过改变奔跑的命名试验（去试验）和抑制试验（无去试验）来操纵任务要求。所有参与者都表明难度相关的行为性能下降，并增加FMRI激活。行为地，老年人对任务困难更敏感，并引起比较年轻人更多的FMRI活化。老年人对额外的任务需求较少（即，单独的图片命名与Go / No-Go Picture命名）较少，但有趣的是在年轻的成年人（例如，Go Bias与No-Go-Go-Go-Go-Go-Go-Go-Go-Go-Go-Go-Bias）中有趣地表现出类似的。此外，多方​​面的FMRI激活和行为性能之间的关系是多方面的，并且这些关系的强度随工作难度而变化。具体地，在中肠杆菌和中央甘醇中激活，右上敷烷和角度吉尔蒂与命名反应时间负相关，表明这些地区的激活可以帮助减轻语言生产中的年龄相关的下降。这些发现与紧缩模型部分符合，突出了任务难以在语言生产中对老年人的行为性能及其FMRI激活模式的重要影响。

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