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首页> 外文期刊>Landscape and Urban Planning >Characterizing the 3-D urban morphology transformation to understand urban-form dynamics: A case study of Austin, Texas, USA
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Characterizing the 3-D urban morphology transformation to understand urban-form dynamics: A case study of Austin, Texas, USA

机译：表征3-D城市形态转型，了解城市形态动态 - 以美国德克萨斯州奥斯汀的一个案例研究

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Since the 1990s, "new urbanism" and "smart growth" have been advocated in the United States, which promote compact urban forms to cope with the environmental and ecological problems caused by urban sprawl. However, there is no uniformity in terms of the spatiotemporal characterization of urban forms. Lack of detailed 3-D urban landscape information makes it difficult to evaluate urbanization trajectories. In this study, we focused on Austin, Texas, U.S., an area with the highest urbanization and the best ranked standard of living, to characterize its evolution of urban morphology and the transformations between urban morphology types (UMTs) over time. We first proposed a conceptual framework to study the UMT transition and urbanization process. Then, the UMT in 2006, 2011 and 2016 was mapped using a synthesis of data sources, which enables a comprehensive understanding of the urbanization process with analytical methods, considering "intensification," "sprawling expansion," and "efficient expansion." Results indicate that Lidar facilitates the multidimensional characterization of urban morphology and its transformation between 2006 and 2016, as maps of UMT were in conformity with the building features of the study area. The urban expansion analysis in different periods (1992-2001, 2001-2006, 2006-2011, and 2011-2016) showed that there has been considerable "intensification" and "efficient expansion" after 2000, indicating the increasingly important role of compact development. In spite of the plans and policies on urban development since the 2000s, we found that there was more sprawl than intensification and efficient expansion. This study demonstrates the advantage of applying Lidar data to characterize urban 3-D morphology and understand its dynamics, which helps develop a comprehensive understanding of the urbanization process and provides a tool for planning intentions and policies evaluation on urban development over time.
机译：自20世纪90年代以来，“新的城市主义”和“智能增长”已经在美国倡导，这促进了迫切的城市形式，以应对城市蔓延引起的环境和生态问题。然而，在城市形式的时空表征方面没有均匀性。缺乏详细的3-D城市景观信息使得难以评估城市化轨迹。在这项研究中，我们专注于奥斯汀，德克萨斯州，美国城市化最高的地区和最佳排名的生活标准，以表征城市形态的演变和城市形态类型（UMTS）随着时间的推移。我们首先提出了一个概念框架来研究UMT过渡和城市化进程。然后，2006年的UMT，2011年和2016年使用了数据来源的合成映射，这使得通过分析方法可以全面了解城市化进程，考虑“强化”，“庞大的扩张”和“高效扩张”。结果表明，由于UMT的地图符合研究区的建筑功能，LIDAR促进了城市形态的多维表征及其2006年至2016年的转变。不同时期的城市扩张分析（1992-2001,2001-2006,2006-2011和2011-2016）表明，2000年后有相当大的“强化”和“有效扩张”，表明紧凑型发展的作用越来越重要。尽管自2000年代以来的城市发展计划和政策，但我们发现比强化和高效扩张更令人蔓延。本研究展示了利用LIDAR数据来表征城市3-D形态的优点，并了解其动态，这有助于了解城市化进程的全面了解，并为城市开发的规划策划和政策随着时间的推移评估。

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