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(Early) context effects on event-related potentials over natural inputs

机译：（早期）背景对自然投入的事件相关的潜力影响

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摘要

Language understanding requires the integration of the input with preceding context. Event-related potentials (ERPs) have contributed significantly to our understanding of what contextual information is accessed and when. Much of this research has, however, been limited to experimenter-designed stimuli with highly atypical lexical and context statistics. This raises questions about the extent to which previous findings generalise to everyday language processing of natural stimuli with typical linguistic statistics. We ask whether context can affect ERPs over natural stimuli early before the N400 time window. We re-analyse a data set of ERPs over similar to 700 visually presented content words in sentences from English novels. To increase power, we employ trial-level ms-by-ms linear mixed-effects regression simultaneously modelling random variance by subject and by item. To reduce concerns about Type I error inflation common to time series analyses, we introduce a simple approach to model and discount auto-correlations at multiple, empirically determined, time lags. We compare this approach to Bonferroni correction. Planned follow-up analyses employ Generalized Additive Mixed Models to assess the linearity of contextual effects, including lexical surprisal, within the N400 time window. We found that contextual information affects ERPs in both early (similar to 200 ms after word onset) and late (N400) time windows, in line with a cascading, interactive account of lexical access.
机译：语言理解需要与前面上下文的输入集成。与事件相关的潜力（ERP）对我们对访问内容信息的理解以及何时进行贡献。然而，这项研究的大部分都仅限于实验者设计的刺激，具有高度的非典型词汇和上下文统计数据。这提出了关于先前发现的程度的问题，以典型的语言统计数据概括了天然刺激的日常语言处理。我们询问N400在N400时间窗口之前是否会在天然刺激上影响ERP。我们重新分析了与英语小说中的句子中的700个相似的ERPS数据集。为了提高功率，我们采用试验级MS-BY-MS线性混合效应回归同时通过主题和项目建模随机差异。为了减少对时间序列分析共同的I型错误通胀的担忧，我们在多个经验确定的时间滞后引入了一种简单的模型和折扣自动相关方法。我们将这种方法与Bonferroni校正进行了比较。计划的后续分析采用广泛的添加剂混合模型来评估N400时间窗口内的语境效应的线性，包括词汇惊喜。我们发现，上下文信息在早期（类似于Word发作后的200毫秒）和迟到（N400）时间窗口中的ERP会影响级联访问的级联访问权限。

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