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Ants respond more strongly to grazing than changes in shrub cover

机译：蚂蚁比灌木覆盖的变化更强烈地响应放牧

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Increases in the cover or density of woody plants (encroachment) and overgrazing by European livestock are 2 major drivers of ecosystem structure and function in drylands and are often associated with land degradation. Although the effects of encroachment and overgrazing on vascular plants are relatively well known, little is known about their effects on arthropods such as ants. We examined ant community composition at sites ranging in shrub cover in a wooded dryland in eastern Australia, testing the notion that increasing shrub cover and grazing intensity would alter ant assemblages and functional group composition. We used ants because they are abundant, diverse, and respond to small-scale environmental changes. Increasing shrub cover had no effect on ant richness, diversity, or evenness but increased the abundance of Subordinate Camponotini. Larger shrubs tended to have greater ant richness, and abundance of Cold Climate Specialists, but fewer Generalized Myrmicinae and Hot Climate Specialists. More intense grazing was associated with greater ant richness, diversity, and evenness; a greater abundance of Hot Climate Specialists and Dominant Dolichoridae; and lower abundance of Subordinate Camponotini. Our study indicates that changes in grazing intensity had stronger effects on ant richness than any increase in shrub cover. The effects of grazing likely resulted from changes in soil surface complexity such as barer ground associated with grazing-induced degradation.
机译：欧洲畜牧业（侵占）（侵占）和过度覆盖的覆盖物或密度增加了2个生态系统结构的2个主要驱动因素，并且在Drylands中的功能，通常与土地退化相关。虽然侵蚀和过度造影对血管植物的影响相对众所周知，但对它们对诸如蚂蚁的节肢动物的影响很少。我们在澳大利亚东部的树木繁茂的旱地灌木覆盖的地点检查了位于灌木覆盖的地点的蚂蚁社区构成，测试了增加灌木覆盖和放牧强度会改变蚂蚁组装和官能团组成的观念。我们使用蚂蚁，因为它们丰富，多样化，并响应小规模的环境变化。增加灌木覆盖对蚂蚁丰富，多样性或均匀性没有影响，但增加了下属刺耳的丰富。较大的灌木往往具有更大的蚂蚁丰富性，以及丰富的冷气候专家，但较少的广泛性Myrmicinae和炎热的气候专家。更强烈的放牧与更大的蚂蚁丰富，多样性和均匀性有关;大量炎热的气候专家和占优势的Dolichoridae;和较低丰富的下属钓鱼园。我们的研究表明，放牧强度的变化对蚂蚁丰富的影响较强，而不是灌木覆盖的任何增加。放牧的影响可能是由于土壤表面复杂性的变化而导致了与放牧诱导的降解相关的雷尔接地。

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