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首页> 外文期刊>Land Degradation and Development >Peat bog and alluvial deposits reveal land degradation during 16th-and 17th-century colonisation of the Western Carpathians (Czech Republic)
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Peat bog and alluvial deposits reveal land degradation during 16th-and 17th-century colonisation of the Western Carpathians (Czech Republic)

机译：泥炭沼泽和冲积沉积物在西喀尔巴阡山脉（捷克共和国）的16世纪和17世纪殖民地期间揭示了土地退化

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摘要

Wallachian (shepherd) colonisation of the upper parts of the Carpathians, the second largest mountain range in Europe, provides a unique opportunity to study human-induced ecological changes and subsequent sediment mobilisation within slope and fluvial systems. The Wallachians came to the nearly pristine landscape in the Czech part of the Western Carpathians during the 16th to 17th century bringing large-scale deforestation and grazing to the upper parts of its ridges. Despite the importance of this event, there is a lack of high-resolution multiproxy reconstructions to help decipher the relative influence of anthropogenic and climate factors on this landscape. Here, we provide an approximately 2.1-kyr record obtained from a peat bog where, using chronological, sedimentological, and pollen analyses, we were able to differentiate between environmental conditions before, during, and after colonisation. Prior to colonisation, climate deterioration following the onset of Little Ice Age caused changes in forest composition and erosion events (causing a similar to AD 0-1500 gap in the record). Abrupt human-induced deforestation detected in the pollen record, together with the abundant fine-grained minerogenic content of peat deposits between AD similar to 1640 and AD 1870, corresponds to increased run-off and sheet erosion on slopes, enhanced by Little Ice Age climate deterioration. The sedimentary record in alluvial deposits downstream indicates that the colonisation of the mountain slopes in this region not only had a local effect on soil degradation, but it also increased the net aggradation of overbank deposits within valley floors. After reforestation, net aggradation was replaced by river incision into alluvia.
机译：喀尔巴阡山脉上部的喀拉乔安（牧羊人）殖民地，欧洲第二大山脉，提供了研究人类诱导的生态变化和随后在坡和河流系统内调动的独特机会。在16至17世纪，伍拉斯在西喀尔巴阡山脉的捷克部分近乎原始的景观带来了大规模的砍伐森林和放牧到山脊的上部。尽管这一事件的重要性，但缺乏高分辨率的多态重建，以帮助破译人类学和气候因素对这种景观的相对影响。在这里，我们提供从泥炭沼泽获得的大约2.1 kyr记录，其中使用时间顺序，沉积物和花粉分析，我们能够在殖民化之前，期间和之后区分环境条件。在殖民化之前，小冰龄的发作后的气候恶化导致森林成分和侵蚀事件的变化（导致记录中的AD 0-1500间隙）。突然在花粉记录中检测到的人类诱导的砍伐森林，以及在类似于1640和AD 1870之间的广告之间的泥煤沉积物的丰富细粒沉积物的沉积物，对应于斜坡上增加和薄片侵蚀，通过小冰河时期气候增强恶化。冲积沉积物下游的沉积记录表明，该地区的山坡殖民化不仅对土壤退化产生了局部影响，而且还增加了谷地板内过银矿床的净净侵犯。重新造林后，河切口替代净委员会将净策略替换为Alluvia。

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