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首页> 外文期刊>Land Degradation and Development >Drift sand fields as a result of past and current deforestation in the Silesian-Cracow Upland, Poland
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Drift sand fields as a result of past and current deforestation in the Silesian-Cracow Upland, Poland

机译：由于过去和当前砍伐森林，波兰的漂移沙田是过去和当前的森林砍伐

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摘要

The Silesian-Cracow Upland, due to the exceptionally large reserves of various natural resources, was under the influence of intense human activity throughout the last millennium. Economic development of the Upland began in the Middle Ages by mining and smelting of iron ore, silver, and lead; from the 18th to the 20th century, the area experienced intense exploitation of coal, zinc and lead ores, stowing sands, as well as dolomites and limestone. Mining and metallurgy have almost always been associated with deforestation. The sandy substrate devoid of vegetation was subjected to aeolian processes, resulting in numerous fields of drift sands. In this paper, based on the analysis of archival and contemporary cartographic materials, as well as historical and archaeological studies and field research, spatial distribution of drift sands was determined, its origin, the time of creation, and durability in the landscape. Research showed that drift sands appeared in the Middle Ages and its desert' character persisted for 200-300years, often even for 400-500years. In the second half of the 20th century, most of the former areas with drift sands were afforested. Currently, bare sands are found only on 2 areas in the Silesian-Cracow Upland. As unique landscapes, they require special protection because of the biodiversity and geodiversity. Research confirmed that historical interpretations are a valuable source of information about the old landscapes. This knowledge can and should be used by local authorities, institutions, and societies to manage the space, respecting the traces of the settlement and the economic past.
机译：由于各种自然资源的特殊储备出来，Silesian-Cracow Upland是在整个最后一千年中强烈的人类活动的影响。高地的经济发展通过挖掘和冶炼铁矿石，银和铅开始在中世纪;从18世纪到20世纪，该地区的煤炭，锌和铅矿石，吸尘以及白云岩和石灰石的强烈开采。采矿和冶金几乎总是与森林砍伐相关。含有植被的砂质基材经受海葵过程，导致漂移砂的许多领域。本文在分析档案和当代制图材料的基础上，以及历史和考古学研究和现场研究，确定了漂移砂的空间分布，其起源，创作时间和景观中的耐用性。研究表明，漂流砂在中世纪出现，其沙漠的性格持续200-300年，甚至甚至持续了400-500年。在20世纪下半叶，大多数漂流砂的前几个地区都被植树造血。目前，裸露的沙子仅在Silesian-Cracow Alland中的2个地区发现。由于独特的景观，因此由于生物多样性和地理位智，他们需要特殊的保护。研究证实，历史解释是关于旧景观的有价值的信息来源。这种知识可以在地方当局，机构和社会使用，尊重解决空间，尊重和解的痕迹和经济过去。

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