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The science of connected ecosystems: What is the role of catchment-scale connectivity for healthy river ecology?

机译：关联生态系统的科学：对健康河流生态学的集水尺度连通性的作用是什么？

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Riverine biological communities are highly resilient to extreme flood and/or drying disturbance regimes that would otherwise be destructive because these organisms can recolonise from upstream, floodplain, or hyporheic refugia when suitable conditions return. Healthy rivers require a high degree of connectivity to support complex life cycles of many lotic organisms and associated ecosystem functioning. Similarly, connectivity is required for appropriate geophysical functioning; permitting flux of water and sediment that drives channel-forming and ecological processes. Ecological and geophysical processes have operated in this temporal and spatial patchwork of disturbance and recovery pre-Anthropocene. Human impacts are increasing constraints on river and floodplain connectivity, severing many natural pathways, and degrading river ecosystem functioning. River restoration seeks to re-establish some of those biological and physical connections to enhance some level of system health. However, increasing sediment connectivity may be detrimental to river health in some instances. Strongly connected catchments can transmit excessive quantities of sediment from inappropriate land management, detrimental invasive species can spread more widely, and many ecosystem processes can exceed positive feedback control. Simply restoring connectivity will not necessarily lead to healthy river ecosystems. River management requires a greater understanding of how and when connectivity can and should be restored. Although current thinking is often that greater connectivity is better, we illustrate with examples from New Zealand rivers that this is not always the case. The benefits and costs of maintaining or restoring river connectivity need to be given as much attention as the restoration and maintenance of river systems per se.
机译：河流生物群群对极端洪水和/或干燥干扰制度非常有弹性，否则会因这些生物可以在适当的条件返回时从上游，洪泛区或多重泄露性的避难所重新调整。健康的河流需要高度的连接，以支持许多诸如慈善生物的复杂生命周期和相关的生态系统功能。类似地，适当的地球物理功能需要连接;允许推动通道形成和生态过程的水和沉积物的助焊剂。生态和地球物理过程在这种紊乱和恢复前蒽丙烯的这种时间和空间斑块中运行。人类的影响正在增加河流和洪泛平原的限制，切断许多天然途径，以及降级的河流生态系统运作。河恢复旨在重新建立一些生物和物理连接，以提高一些水平的系统健康。然而，在某些情况下，增加沉积物连接可能对河流健康有害。强烈连通的集水器可以从不适当的土地管理中传播过量的沉积物，有害的侵入性物种可以更广泛地传播，许多生态系统过程可以超过正反馈控制。简单地恢复连接不一定会导致健康的河流生态系统。 River Management需要更好地了解连接如何以及应恢复连接。虽然目前的思考往往是更大的连接更好，但我们用来自新西兰河流的例子说明这并不总是如此。维护或恢复河流连接的益处和成本需要对河流系统的恢复和维护进行重大关注。

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