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CHARACTERIZATION OF DEGRADED SOILS IN THE HUMID ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS

机译：潮湿的埃塞俄比亚高地降解土的特征

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摘要

Hardpan is a major cause of land degradation that affects agricultural productivity in developing countries. However, relatively, little is known about the interaction of land degradation and hardpans. The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate soil degradation and the formation of hardpans in crop/livestock-mixed rainfed agriculture systems and to assess how changes in soil properties are related to the conversion of land from forest to agriculture. Two watersheds (Anjeni and Debre Mewi) were selected in the humid Ethiopian highlands. For both watersheds, 0-45 cm soil penetration resistance (SPR, n = 180) and soil physical properties (particle size, soil organic matter, pH, base ions, cation exchange capacity, silica content, bulk density and moisture content) were determined at 15 cm depth increments for three land uses: cultivated, pasture and forest. SPR of agricultural fields was significantly greater than that of forest lands. Dense layers with a critical SPR threshold of >= 2000 kPa were observed in the cultivated and pasture lands starting at a depth of 15-30 cm but did not occur in the undisturbed forest land. Compared with the original forest soils, agricultural fields were lower in organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable base cations; more acidic; had a higher bulk density and more fine particles (clay and silt); and contained less soluble silica. Overall, our findings suggest that soil physical and chemical properties in agricultural lands are deteriorated, causing disintegration of soil aggregates, resulting in greater sediment concentration in infiltration water that clogged up macro-pores, thereby disconnecting deep flow paths found in original forest soils. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：Hardpan是土地退化的主要原因，影响发展中国家的农业生产力。然而，相对较少，对土地退化和硬斯潘的相互作用知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是调查土壤降解和在作物/牲畜混合雨量农业系统中形成硬杀人，并评估土壤性质变化如何与从森林到农业的土地转换有关。在潮湿的埃塞俄比亚高地选择了两名流域（Anjeni和Debre Mewi）。测定了0-45厘米土壤渗透性（SPR，N = 180）和土壤物理性质（SPR，N = 180）和土壤物理性质（粒度，土壤有机物，pH，基础离子，阳离子交换能力，二氧化硅含量，批量密度和水分含量）三厘米深入增量三种土地：栽培，牧场和森林。农业领域的SPR明显大于林地。在培养和牧场的耕地中观察到临界SPR阈值> = 2000kPa的致密层，从深度为15-30厘米，但未发生在未受干扰的林地中。与原始森林土壤相比，农业领域有机质，阳离子交换能力和可交换基地阳离子较低;更酸性;具有更高的堆积密度和更精细的颗粒（粘土和淤泥）;并含有不太可溶的二氧化硅。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，农业土地的土壤物理和化学性质劣化，导致土壤聚集体的崩解，导致渗透水中的沉积物浓度更大，从而断开原始森林土壤中发现的深流动路径。版权所有（c）2016 John Wiley＆amp; SONS，LTD.

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