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Paradigm shift and business as usual through policy layering: Forest-related policy change in Indonesia (1999-2016)

机译：通过政策分层常用的范式转变和业务：印度尼西亚与森林相关政策变化（1999-2016）

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摘要

Despite pledges by Indonesian authorities to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, Indonesian forest cover loss consistently increased over the first 18 years of Indonesian democracy. To determine if forest-related policy demonstrates a paradigm shift toward forest protection, we identify and code a set of 218 national forest-related policy documents passed between 1999 and 2016. We determine whether a paradigmatic change in forest-related policy occurred and the mechanism by which change has or has not taken place through the interpretation of policy citation networks and statistical analysis of temporal relationships between forest related policy content and change over time. We find that there was a significant increase in the amount of Indonesian forest-related policy from 1999 to 2016 and that it was largely comprised of content that promotes forest protection and redefines the structure and funding for forest-related organizations. These content changes primarily occurred through the process of policy layering, when new policy does not amend or repeal old policy and regulation. We discuss current trends in the regulation of forest territory and flow in Indonesia and find further evidence of policy layering. Thus, although Indonesian forest-related policy demonstrates a paradigm shift, the layering process through which new policy was created allows for interpretable flexibility, which enables continued forest cover loss.
机译：尽管印度尼西亚当局承诺减少森林砍伐和森林退化的排放，但印度尼西亚森林污染亏损始终增加了印度尼西亚民主的前18年。为了确定与森林有关的政策展示了森林保护的范式转变，我们识别和编制一组1999年至2016年之间的218个与国家森林相关政策文件。我们确定森林有关政策的范例变化是否发生了和机制通过解释或尚未通过解释政策引文网络以及森林相关政策内容与随着时间的变化的统计分析。我们发现，1999年至2016年印度尼西亚森林相关政策数量大幅增加，其主要包括促进森林保护的内容，并重新定义与森林有关的组织的结构和资金。这些内容改变主要通过策略分层过程，当新政策不修改或废除旧政策和监管时。我们讨论了印度尼西亚森林领土和流动监管的当前趋势，并找到了政策分层的进一步证据。因此，虽然印度尼西亚与森林有关的政策展示了范式转变，但创建了新策略的分层过程允许可解释的灵活性，这使得持续的森林覆盖损失。

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