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首页> 外文期刊>Land Use Policy >Governing livelihood and land use transitions: The role of customary tenure in southeastern Morocco
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Governing livelihood and land use transitions: The role of customary tenure in southeastern Morocco

机译：管理生计和土地利用过渡：习惯权在摩洛哥东南部的作用

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摘要

This article documents how customary land tenure systems mediate transformations of land use and livelihoods in the arid pre-Saharan region of southeast Morocco. Although dominant development paradigms for land governance have begun to recognize customary regimes, development orthodoxy still holds that formalizing rules as part of national property law is essential to ensuring economic growth or effectively governing land use and livelihood transformations. Our research in southeastern Morocco indicates that customary tenure regimes play a central role in managing such transformations in the absence of effective formal property frameworks. Extended ethnographic fieldwork in the Mgoun Valley of Tinghir province established the trajectory of rural livelihoods, migration, and land use in the latter half of the 20th Century. Additionally, the authors conducted a survey with 306 households in the Mgoun Valley, documenting income, asset, and livelihood profiles of households today; the survey produced demographic, livelihood, and asset profiles of these same households in the early 1960 s. The results confirm a marked shift from pastoralism to other land uses and livelihoods at the household level in the last half-century. The household-level data also show how the "invisible rules" embedded in customary tenure regimes shape livelihood and land use options available to different households. Unformalized tenure rights in collectively-owned land and breakdowns in customary resource management regimes under global economic pressures are often seen-in Morocco and other parts of the world-as producing chaotic or unsustainable land use change. However, this research shows that customary land tenure may, in fact, actively manage such change using rules that may be invisible to formal data collection and policy-making institutions, but are not invisible to the people negotiating these dynamic rule systems.
机译：本文介绍了常规的土地存款系统如何调解土地利用和生计在东南摩洛哥干旱地区的土地利用。虽然土地治理的主导发展范式已经开始认识到习惯制度，但发展正统仍然认为，作为国家财产法的一部分，正式化规则对于确保经济增长或有效地管理土地利用和生计转变至关重要。我们在摩洛哥东南部的研究表明，习惯的任期制度在管理缺乏有效的正式财产框架方面发挥着核心作用。廷希尔省MGoun谷的扩展民族景观成立了20世纪后半叶的农村生计，移民和土地利用的轨迹。此外，作者在MGoun Valley的306户中进行了一项调查，记录了今天的家庭的收入，资产和生计概况;调查在20世纪60年代初期发出了这些同一家庭的人口统计学，生计和资产概况。结果证实，在过去的半个世纪中，确认了牧区与家庭水平的其他土地使用和生计转变。家庭级别数据还展示了如何在习惯的任期制度中嵌入的“无形规则”，以适应不同家庭的生计和土地利用选择。在全球经济压力下的常规土地和常规资源管理制度下的常规土地和故障的未格式化的任期权经常在摩洛哥和世界其他地区进行 - 因为产生混乱或不可持续的土地利用变化。然而，这项研究表明，习惯土地存款实际上，实际上可以使用可能对正规数据收集和政策制定机构不可见的规则积极管理此类变革，但对谈判这些动态规则系统的人并不看不见。

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  • 来源
    《Land Use Policy》 |2018年第2018期|共13页
  • 作者

    Rignall Karen; Kusunose Yoko;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Kentucky Dept Community &

    Leadership Dev 500 Garrigus Bldg Lexington KY 40546 USA;

    Univ Kentucky Dept Agr Econ 400 Charles E Barnhart Bldg Lexington KY 40546 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 土地经济学;
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