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The construction of the Belo Monte dam in the Brazilian Amazon and its consequences on regional rural labor

机译：巴西亚马逊贝洛蒙特大坝的建设及其对区域农村劳动力的影响

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The article analyzes the impacts of the Belo Monte dam construction on the rural labor mobility dynamics and the effects on the agropastoral activities, in the rural areas of the Altamira region, Para state, in the Brazilian Amazon. The study is based on longitudinal data organized as a panel survey applied to fixed sample of 402 rural properties for each survey in the years of 1997/98, 2005 and 2015. The construction of Belo Monte dam produced a demographic boom in Altamira, with the urban population almost doubled during the construction period between 2011 and 2014. The increased demand for food in Altamira's markets was expected to boost production in the local agropastoral economy. However, the supply of jobs during the dam construction to work in the dam or in the new jobs in the urban area led to an exodus of rural workers, causing a shortage of labor in rural areas and an increase in labor costs of the agricultural activities. This scenario has accelerated the trend of productive specialization of agricultural commodities (i.e., beef and cocoa) instead of strengthening the local agricultural production to supply the local markets with vegetables and staple crops. Labor shortage in rural areas was the main driver of changes in the local agricultural activities and the impacts were more evident among the households with lower purchasing power and less market integration. The study shows that the impacts of large dams on the agricultural sector tend to vary according to the degree of consolidation of the productive activities and the market conditions of the products associated to these activities at the time the changes occur (i.e., the period of the dam construction). The study shows that the promises made that the dam would lead to regional economic development were not delivered, and that the agricultural sector if anything declined in its food production capacity. Governments and dam builders should either not promise, or make better plans and policy making to ensure that these goals are achieved.
机译：本文分析了Belo Monte大坝建设对农村劳动流动性动态的影响，在巴西亚马逊巴西亚马逊的Altamira地区农村地区对农村劳动活动的影响。该研究基于纵向数据，作为在1997/98年，2005年和2015年的每次调查中的402个农村物业的固定样本的面板调查组织。Belo Monte Dam的建设在Altamira在Altamira制作了一个人口繁荣在2011年和2014年之间建设期间，城市人口几乎翻了一番。预计奥塔拉姆拉市场对食品的需求增加，预计将在当地农业间经济中提高生产。然而，在大坝建设中供应就业机会在大坝或城市地区的新工作岗位中导致农村工人的出局，导致农村地区的劳动力短缺，农业活动的劳动力成本增加。这种情况加速了农产品生产专业化的趋势（即牛肉和可可），而不是加强当地农业生产，供应蔬菜和主食作物的当地市场。农村的劳动力短缺是当地农业活动的变化的主要驱动因素，利用较低的购买力和市场一体化的家庭中的影响更为明显。该研究表明，大型大坝对农业部门的影响往往根据生产活动的整合程度和与这些活动相关的产品的市场状况（即，即大坝建设）。该研究表明，承诺使大坝将导致区域经济发展未被交付，以及农业部门如果在其粮食生产能力下降。政府和大坝建设者应该不承诺，或者制定更好的计划和政策，以确保实现这些目标。

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