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首页> 外文期刊>African Entomology >A simple method for estimating instantaneous levels of endoparasitism of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) by hymenoptera in the field.
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A simple method for estimating instantaneous levels of endoparasitism of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) by hymenoptera in the field.

机译：一种在田间通过膜翅目昆虫估测小菜蛾（Linnaeus）（鳞翅目：Plutellidae）瞬时内寄生虫病水平的简单方法。

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摘要

Although endoparasitoids are widely used for biological control of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) throughout the world, current methods do not allow for easy estimation of parasitism levels. I investigated the potential of using ratios of parasitoid cocoons to infestations to develop a simple and practical method of estimating parasitism levels in the field. Crop infestations by the pest and densities of its endoparasitoids' cocoons were recorded at weekly intervals over six consecutive years on unsprayed cabbage. In order to establish if there was a relationship between parasitism levels and ratios of parasitoid cocoons to infestations, samples of host larvae and pupae were collected every week during scouting for rearing in the laboratory. The majority of parasitoid cocoons belonged to the larval endoparasitoid Cotesia vestalis (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), which was the major mortality factor of P. xylostella. Total parasitism levels were positively related to ratios of parasitoid cocoons to infestations. Crop infestation by P. xylostella was low during periods of high parasitism (>=50%) than during low parasitism (<50%), and 50% parasitism corresponded with 20% ratio of parasitoid cocoons to infestations. This study shows that ratios of parasitoid cocoons to infestations can be used to estimate background parasitism levels.
机译：尽管在世界范围内，类内寄生虫被广泛用于小菜蛾（Linnaeus）（鳞翅目：Plutellidae）的生物防治，但目前​​的方法无法轻松估算寄生虫水平。我调查了利用寄生虫茧与侵染的比率开发一种简单而实用的方法来估算野外寄生虫水平的潜力。连续六年在未喷洒的卷心菜上每隔一周记录一次害虫及其内寄生物茧的密度引起的农作物侵染。为了确定寄生虫水平和寄生虫茧与侵染的比率之间是否存在关系，在侦查期间每周收集寄主幼虫和p的样本，以便在实验室饲养。大部分的寄生虫茧属于幼虫内寄生虫Cotesiavestalis（Halday）（膜翅目：Braconidae），这是小菜蛾的主要死亡因素。总寄生虫水平与寄生虫茧与侵染的比率呈正相关。小寄生虫高发期（> = 50％）的小菜蛾对农作物的侵扰比低寄生虫（<50％）期间的低，而50％的寄生虫对应于寄生虫茧对侵扰的比率为20％。这项研究表明，寄生虫茧与侵染的比率可用于估计背景寄生虫的水平。

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