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首页> 外文期刊>African Entomology >An improved larval diet for commercial mass rearing of the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
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An improved larval diet for commercial mass rearing of the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

机译:改良的幼虫饮食,用于商业化大规模繁殖假co蛾(Thauumatobia leucotreta(Meyrick))(鳞翅目:Tor科)

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摘要

False codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa (Newton 1998). It is a pest of citrus (Newton 1998), stone fruit (Daiber 1978), macadamias (La Croix & Thindwa 1986), avocados (Erichsen & Schoeman 1992) and various other agricultural crops. All available control methods were recently reviewed by Moore & Hattingh (2012). Included amongst these is the use of granulovirus (Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV)) sprays, inundative releases of egg parasitoids and the sterile insect technique (SIT). All of these require production of large numbers of I leucotreta. CrleGV and the eggparasitoid, Tricho-grammatoidea cryptophlebiae (Nagaraja) (Hymenop-tera: Trichogrammatidae), are produced in vivo (Moore et al. 2011) and for SIT, the sterilized adult male moth is the product (Hofmeyr et al. 2005).Ripley et al. (1939) were the first to establish a method for the mass rearing of T. leucotreta using artificial diet. However, Theron (1948) was the first to provide a detailed account of the methods used to rear T. leucotreta. A maize meal diet was inoculated with a Rhizopus sp. fungus. Neither Ripley et al. (1939) nor Theron (1948) clarified the purpose of the fungus, but it is assumed to produce metabolites, which convert carbohydrates in the maize meal into amino adds and vitamins, important to the development of T. leucotreta larvae (Moore 2002).The idea of mass rearing remained dormant for a couple of decades (bar a single report from Bot (1965)), until revived by Schwartz (1971, 1972), who suggested certain important improvements to the previously devised method. Most of these improvements related to better hygiene, e.g. surface sterilization of eggs. Schwartz (1971) originally reared T. leucotreta for general experimental purposes. This soon grew into a larger operation for the purpose of mass rearing and augmenting T. cryptophlebiae (Schwartz 1977, 1980; Schwartz et al. 1982). Despite the recommendation of a more elaborate aseptic diet by Couilloud & Giret (1980), the methods of Riplev et al. (1939), Theron (1947)
机译:假苹果蛾(Thauatotibia leucotreta(Meyrick)(鳞翅目:Tortricidae))是撒哈拉以南非洲的特有种(Newton 1998)。它是柑橘(Newton 1998),核果(Daiber 1978),澳洲坚果(La Croix&Thindwa 1986),鳄梨(Erichsen&Schoeman 1992)和其他多种农作物的害虫。 Moore&Hattingh(2012)最近对所有可用的控制方法进行了综述。其中包括使用粒状病毒(隐球菌粒状病毒(CrleGV))喷雾剂,卵类寄生虫的大量释放和无菌昆虫技术(SIT)。所有这些都需要产生大量白斑病菌。 CrleGV和卵寄生性寄生虫Tricho-grammatoidea cryptophlebiae(Nagaraja)(Hymenop-tera:Trichogrammatidae)在体内产生(Moore等,2011),而对于SIT,则是成虫的成年雄蛾(Hofmeyr等,2005)。 .Ripley等。 (1939年)是第一个建立使用人工饮食大量繁殖白斑锥虫的方法。然而,塞隆(Theron)(1948)率先提供了详细的方法来饲养白斑病菌(T. leucotreta)。玉米粉饮食接种了根霉菌。菌。 Ripley等都没有。 (1939)或Theron(1948)均未阐明真菌的用途,但假定它会产生代谢产物,该代谢产物将玉米粉中的碳水化合物转化为氨基添加物和维生素,这对白斑病幼虫的发育很重要(Moore 2002)。大规模饲养的想法一直处于休眠状态几十年(Bot(1965)的一份报告除外),直到Schwartz(1971,1972)复兴了,后者提出对以前设计的方法进行了某些重要的改进。这些改进中的大多数与更好的卫生状况有关,例如鸡蛋表面消毒。 Schwartz(1971)最初出于一般实验目的饲养了白斑T.leucotreta。为了大规模饲养和增加隐孢子虫的规模,这很快发展成为一项更大的行动(Schwartz 1977,1980; Schwartz等人,1982)。尽管Couilloud&Giret(1980)建议使用更精细的无菌饮食,但Riplev等人的方法仍是可行的。 (1939),塞隆(1947)

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