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Slotted Cyclic Quorum Based MAC Protocol with Influence Nodes to Optimize Lifetime of UWSNs

机译：基于旋转的循环Quorum基于MAC协议，具有影响节点，以优化UWSN的寿命

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Background: Time synchronization between the sensor nodes to reduce average end to enddelay with the increase in number of sensor nodes in a network for critical and real time data monitoringcan be achieved by precisely predicting their wakeup/sleep timings and are of prime importanceas described in recent patents. The idea evolves as a reduction in duty cycle and precise time schedulingof active/sleep cycles of the sensors to reduce the probability of collisions between data and controlpackets which prolongs the network lifetime and reduces the average end to end delay. The multihoptransmissions are not always attractive in underwater communication due to high losses. Theproposed Slotted Cyclic Quorum with Influence nodes (SCQI) medium access control protocol iscapable of continuous monitoring of critical underwater events in a very effective manner in multihoptransmission networks. This work is an attempt to mitigate multihop hidden terminal and to reducethe probability of collisions between data and control packets.Methods: The mathematical model for the path loss due to attenuation of electromagnetic wave propagationin the sea water is explained. The three path reflection model evaluating reflection loss fromthe air-water and water-sand interfaces as a function of distance between sensors and water depth isintroduced. It is assumed that the sensors are properly anchored to limit their movement due to waveswithin the permissible limits to follow the proposed cyclic quorum based medium access control protocol.The fundamentals of cyclic quorum with a slotted scheme along with the influence nodes areelaborated. This paper attempts to utilize electromagnetic waves at resonance frequency of 2.4 GHzfor underwater communication. The main advantages of using electromagnetic waves instead ofacoustic waves are that it reduces the latency due to faster propagation speed and give a high data ratedue to high frequency of the wave at the cost of reduction in communication range.Results: The results verify that the implementation of cyclic quorum based medium access control(CQ) protocol, slotted cyclic quorum based medium access control (SCQ) protocol and slotted cyclicquorum based medium access control with influence nodes (SCQI) protocol has significantly reducedthe average end to end delay with the increase in number of sensor nodes and also prolongs the networklifetime making it appropriate for critical and real time data monitoring.Conclusion: This work proves the suitability of electromagnetic waves as an effective alternative forunderwater wireless communication. The main objective is to optimize the network lifetime and toreduce the average end to end delay by implementing cyclic quorum based medium access controlprotocol in underwater wireless sensor networks and to draw the attention of researchers in this area.
机译：背景：通过精确地预测其唤醒/睡眠时间和近期所述的唤醒/睡眠时间来实现传感器节点之间的时间同步与网络中的传感器节点的数量增加，以临界和实时数据监测。专利。该想法随着传感器的主动/睡眠周期的精确时间调度，以减少延长网络寿命并减少延迟网络寿命并减少终端延迟的平均结束碰撞之间的碰撞概率的精确时间。由于高损失，多重转换在水下通信中并不总是有吸引力的。具有影响节点（SCQI）介质访问控制协议的循环循环仲裁的循环仲裁，可在多重转换网络中以非常有效的方式连续监测临界水下事件。这项工作是一种试图减轻多彩色隐藏终端并减少数据和控制包之间的碰撞的概率。方法：解释了海水中电磁波传播衰减引起的路径损耗的数学模型。三个路径反射模型评估空气 - 水和水砂界面的反射损失作为传感器和水深的距离的函数。假设传感器被正确锚定以限制由于允许的循环Quorum基于介质访问控制协议的允许限制而限制它们的运动。循环法定值与开槽方案的基础以及均衡的影响。本文试图利用2.4GHIT到水下通信的共振频率下的电磁波。使用电磁波而不是声门波的主要优点是它导致的传播速度导致的延迟，并以通信范围的降低成本为高频率提供高数据评级。结果：结果验证了实现基于循环Quorum的介质访问控制（CQ）协议，带有影响节点（SCQI）协议的速度循环Quorum基于媒体访问控制（SCQ）协议和基于弹奏的CyclicQuorum基于媒体访问控制（SCQI）协议的平均延迟的平均延迟显着降低了数量传感器节点并延长NetworkLifetime，使其适合关键和实时数据监控。结论：该工作证明了电磁波作为有效的替代防止水域无线通信的适用性。主要目的是通过在水下无线传感器网络中实施循环Quorum基础访问控制协议并引起该区域的研究人员，优化网络寿命并使平均结束到最终延迟。

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