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Evolving Management Paradigms on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Lands in the Prairie Pothole Region

机译：在大草原坑洞地区的美国鱼类和野生动物服务土地上不断发展的管理范式

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摘要

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States (Fig. 1) stretches from the tallgrass prairies of northern Iowa and western Minnesota, across the mixed-gi'ass prairies of North Dakota and South Dakota, and northwest toward the dry mixed-grass prairies of Montana. This region received its name for the millions of depressional wetlands, or "potholes," created by retreating glaciers following the end of the Wisconsin glacial period about 10,000 years ago.1 Historically, wedands and grasslands of the PPR supported a plethora of biota, but are most notable for producing a significant portion of North America's waterfowl. The PPR occupies only about 10% of the waterfowl breeding range, yet accounts for approximately 50—80% of annual production.2'3Grasslands and wetlands of the PPR also provide significant habitat for other grassland-dependent wildlife, particularly grassland songbirds, of which several species are endemic to the region, and most species have shown steep population declines in recent decades.4 The PPR grasslands and wetlands are among the most altered and least protected major habitats in North America.
机译：美国的草原坑洞区（PPR）（图1）从爱荷华州北部和南达科他州和南达科他州的混合Gi'ass大草原和西北地区延伸到北伊瓦达和西部的北部大草原，朝向干燥的混合 - 蒙大拿州的草原。该地区收到了数百万萧条湿地，或“坑洼”的名称，由威斯康星州冰川期结束后约10,000年前的冰川冰川期间历史上，PPR的婚礼和草原支持过多的Biota，但是最着名的是生产一部分北美水禽。 PPR仅占水禽育种范围的约10％，但占每年产量的50-80％.2'3Grasslands和PPR的湿地也为其他草地依赖的野生动物，特别是草原鸣禽提供了重要的栖息地几种物种对该地区有特有，大多数物种近几十年来表现出陡峭的人口下降.4 PPR草原和湿地是北美最具改变和最不受保护的主要栖息地之一。

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