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From productive interactions to impact pathways: Understanding the key dimensions in developing SSH research societal impact

机译：从生产性相互作用到影响途径：了解开发SSH研究社会影响的关键方面

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Impact is increasingly important for science policy-makers. Science policy studies have reacted this heightened urgency by studying these policy-interventions meaning that policy has developed more quickly than theory. This has led to the prevalence of a 'common sense' impact definition: research's societal impact are direct economic effects, such as income generated by licenses, patents, and spin-out companies. These indicators are recognized as weak proxies for research's societal benefits, and in response, science policy has undertaken a huge descriptive effort to more precisely define impact. Social sciences and humanities (SSH) disciplines have been highly active in this because economic metrics are very poor measures of their societal impact. One interesting theoretical development describing diversity was Spaapen and Van Drooge's 'productive interactions' concept. In this article, we seek to realize the potential that Spaapen and Van Drooge's productive interactions concept offers, but which we argue has been lost through its operationaliation as a process of 'counting interactions'. We address the need to pay attention not only to productive interactions, but to the changes they mediate. Therefore, we ask the following research question: how can we develop a typology that captures the diversity of the mechanisms by which SSH research leads to societal impact? Drawing on a comparative analysis of 60 examples of SSH impact, we develop a typology of SSH pathways to societal impact. Considering that the absence of societal impact of research is not necessarily a sign of uselessness of research in impact assessment, we address the importance of paying attention also to the conditions supporting impact processes.
机译：影响对科学政策制定者越来越重要。科学政策研究通过研究这些政策干预，这一强制性的紧迫性反应，这意味着政策的发展比理论更快。这导致了“常识”影响定义的普遍性：研究的社会影响是直接经济影响，例如由许可，专利和分拆公司产生的收入。这些指标被认为是研究的社会福利的弱代理，并且在回应中，科学政策已经开展了巨大的描述性努力，以更准确地定义影响。社会科学和人文学科（SSH）学科在这方面非常积极，因为经济指标对其社会影响的措施非常差。一个有趣的理论发展，描述多样性是Spaapen和Van Drooge的“生产性互动”概念。在本文中，我们寻求意识到Spaapen和Van Drocooge的富有成效的互动概念优惠的潜力，但我们争论的是通过其运作作为“计数互动”的过程而丧失。我们不仅要注意营养互动的注意，但对他们调解的变化不仅要注意。因此，我们询问以下研究问题：我们如何开发一种类型的类型，捕获SSH研究导致社会影响的机制的多样性？在60例SSH影响例的比较分析中绘制，我们开发了对社会影响的SSH路径的类型。考虑到缺乏对研究的社会影响不一定是影响评估研究的无用的迹象，我们解决了对支持影响流程的条件的关注的重要性。

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