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首页> 外文期刊>Law and human behavior: The official journal of the American Psychology-Law Society >Mistaken Eyewitness Identification Rates Increase When Either Witnessing or Testing Conditions Get Worse
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Mistaken Eyewitness Identification Rates Increase When Either Witnessing or Testing Conditions Get Worse

机译：当见证或测试条件恶化时，错误的目击者识别率增加

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摘要

We examined how giving eyewitnesses a weak recognition experience impacts their identification decisions. In 2 experiments we forced a weak recognition experience for lineups by impairing either encoding or retrieval conditions. In Experiment 1 (n = 245), undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to watch either a clear or a degraded culprit video and then viewed either a culprit-present or culprit-removed lineup identification procedure. In Experiment 2 (n = 227), all participants watched the same clear culprit video but were then randomly assigned to either view a clear or noise-degraded lineup procedure. Half of the participants viewed a culprit-present lineup procedure and the remaining participants viewed a culprit-removed lineup procedure. Not surprisingly, degrading either encoding or retrieval conditions led to a sharp drop in culprit identifications. Critically, and as predicted, degrading either encoding or retrieval conditions also led to a sharp increase in the identification of innocent persons. These results suggest that when a lineup procedure gives a witness a weak match-to-memory experience, the witness will lower her criterion for making an affirmative identification decision. This pattern of results is troubling because it suggests that witnesses who encounter lineups that do not include the culprit might have a tendency to use a lower criterion for identification than do witnesses who encounter lineups that actually include the culprit.
机译：我们审查了对目击者弱识别经验的方式如何影响其识别决策。在2个实验中，我们通过损害编码或检索条件迫使阵容的弱识别经验。在实验1（n = 245）中，随机分配本科参与者以观看清晰或降级的罪魁祸首视频，然后观看罪魁祸首或罪魁祸首除去的阵列识别过程。在实验2（n = 227）中，所有参与者都观看了相同的清晰罪魁祸首视频，而是随机分配给查看清晰或噪声降级的阵容过程。一半的参与者观看了一个尖锐的阵容过程，其余的参与者查看了截图删除的阵容过程。毫不奇怪，降低编码或检索条件导致罪魁祸首识别急剧下降。批判性地，并且如预测，降低编码或检索条件也导致了无辜者识别的急剧增加。这些结果表明，当阵容程序提供证人较弱的匹配对内存体验时，证人将降低她做出肯定识别决定的标准。这种结果模式是令人不安的，因为它表明，遇到不包括罪魁祸首的阵容的证人可能具有使用较低标准的识别标准而不是遇到实际包括罪魁祸首的目击者。

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