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首页> 外文期刊>Russian journal of genetics >The Never-Ending Story of the Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Genus Triticum L.
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The Never-Ending Story of the Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Genus Triticum L.

机译：小属Triticum L的系统发育和分类学的永无止境的故事。

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The aim of many breeding programs for the conservation of genetic biodiversity is to preserve the genetic resources of wild species of wheat. Long-term selection combined with genetic drift (random changes in allele frequency within a population) and the bottleneck effect (a sudden random event that decreases the size of a population and limits its gene pool) have depleted the genetic diversity of the most popular species of the genus Triticum:common wheat (T. aestivum ssp. aestivum) and durum wheat (T. turgidum ssp. durum). These changes have turned the researchers' attention to ancient species of wheat, including einkorn (T. monococcum ssp. monococcum), emmer (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum) and spelt (T. aestivum ssp. spelta). Ancient species are characterized by a rich gene pool, and the most desirable genes can be transferred to the cultivated wheat species via introgression. Advanced molecular techniques support increasingly complex analyses of genetic diversity in various accessions of the genus Triticum and detailed examinations of their relationship, which determines changes in the taxonomy of the genus Triticum. Genetic diversity analyses increasingly often rely on DNA markers with various sensitivity, mostly restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR), single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers. The development of a universal taxonomic system for the genus Triticum is a highly challenging task. Continued efforts are being made in this area to expand our knowledge about the phylogeny of wheat and systematize various accessions in genetic databases.
机译：许多育种遗传生物多样性育种计划的目的是保留野生种类的遗传资源。长期选择结合遗传漂移（群体内等位基因频率的随机变化）和瓶颈效应（一个突然的随机事件，降低人口大小并限制其基因库）耗尽了最受欢迎的物种的遗传多样性小麦属：常见的小麦（T. aestivum ssp。aestivum）和硬粒小麦（T. turgidum ssp。硬质杜姆）。这些变化使研究人员对古代小麦的注意力转化，包括Einkorn（T. Monococcum SSP。Monococcum），Emmer（T.Curgidum SSP。DICOCCUM）和拼写（T. aestivum SSP。Spelta）。古代物种的特征在于富含基因库，最理想的基因可以通过血栓增长转移到培养的小麦物种中。先进的分子技术支持在小属的各种遗传分析中越来越复杂地分析小属的遗传多样性，并详细考察其关系，这决定了小属性属性的变化。遗传多样性分析越来越依赖于具有各种敏感性的DNA标志物，主要是限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP），扩增的片段长度多态性（AFLP），简单序列重复（SSR），单核苷酸多态性（SSR），单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和多样性阵列技术（DART标记。 Triticum属的通用分类系统的发展是一个高度挑战的任务。在该领域正在进行持续的努力，扩大了我们对小麦系统发育的知识，并系统化了遗传数据库中的各种含量。

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