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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Occupational and educational inequalities in exit from employment at older ages: evidence from seven prospective cohorts
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Occupational and educational inequalities in exit from employment at older ages: evidence from seven prospective cohorts

机译：占年龄较大的就业的职业和教育不平等：来自七个预期队列的证据

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Past studies have identified socioeconomic inequalities in the timing and route of labour market exit at older ages. However, few studies have compared these trends cross-nationally and existing evidence focuses on specific institutional outcomes (such as disability pension and sickness absence) in Nordic countries. We examined differences by education level and occupational grade in the risks of work exit and health-related work exit.Prospective longitudinal data were drawn from seven studies (n=99?164). Participants were in paid work at least once around age 50. Labour market exit was derived based on reductions in working hours, changes in self-reported employment status or from administrative records. Health-related exit was ascertained by receipt of health-related benefit or pension or from the reported reason for stopping work. Cox regression models were estimated for each study, adjusted for baseline self-rated health and birth cohort.There were 50?003 work exits during follow-up, of which an average of 14% (range 2–32%) were health related. Low level education and low occupational grade were associated with increased risks of health-related exit in most studies. Low level education and occupational grade were also associated with an increased risk of any exit from work, although with less consistency across studies.Workers with low socioeconomic position have an increased risk of health-related exit from employment. Policies that extend working life may disadvantage such workers disproportionally, especially where institutional support for those exiting due to poor health is minimal.
机译：过去的研究已经确定了劳动力市场退出时间和途径的社会经济不等式。然而，很少有研究比较了这些趋势，这些趋势跨国籍和现有的证据侧重于北欧国家的具体制度成果（如残疾养老金和疾病缺席）。我们在工作退出和健康相关工作出口的风险中审查了教育水平和职业级别的差异。从七项研究中汲取了纵向数据（n = 99？164）。参与者在50岁以上至少曾经有过一次工作。劳动力市场出口是根据工作时间的减少来得出的，自我报告的就业状况或行政记录的变化。通过收到与健康有关的福利或养老金或从据报道的停止工作原因来确定与健康有关的出口。每项研究估计COX回归模型，调整为基线自我评级的健康和出生队列。随访期间50 003工作，其中平均有14％（2-32％）与健康有关。低级教育和低职业级别与大多数研究中的健康有关的出口的风险增加有关。低水平教育和职业级别也与工作的任何出口的风险增加有关，尽管跨研究的一致性较少。社会经济地位低的工作人员对就业有关的卫生退出风险增加。延长工作寿命的政策可能对这些工人不成比例地劣势，特别是在诸如健康状况差的人的制度支持是最小的。

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