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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review >THE CARBON DIOXIDE VENTS OF ISCHIA, ITALY, A NATURAL SYSTEM TO ASSESS IMPACTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER VENT SYSTEMS
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THE CARBON DIOXIDE VENTS OF ISCHIA, ITALY, A NATURAL SYSTEM TO ASSESS IMPACTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER VENT SYSTEMS

机译：ISCHIA，意大利的二氧化碳通风口，一种评估海洋酸化对海洋生态系统的影响的自然系统：与其他通风系统的研究和比较概述

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As the ocean continues to take up carbon dioxide (CO2), it is difficult to predict the future of marine ecosystems. Natural CO2 vent sites, mainly of volcanic origin, that provide a pH gradient are useful as a proxy to investigate ecological effects of ocean acidification. The effects of decreased pH can be assessed at increasing levels of organisation, from the responses of individuals of a species up through populations and communities to whole ecosystems. As a natural laboratory, CO2 vent sites incorporate a range of environmental factors, such as gradients of nutrients, currents and species interactions that cannot be replicated in the laboratory or mesocosms, with the caveat that some vent systems have confounding factors such as hydrogen sulphide and metals. The first CO2 vent sites to be investigated in an ocean acidification context were the vents at the Castello Aragonese on the island of Ischia, Italy. The gas released is primarily CO2 with no evidence of toxic substances. They have been the focus of a wealth of studies, which are reviewed here and in context with research at other vent systems. Investigations of the species that occur along the pH gradients at Ischia show that, as the pH decreases, there is a reduction in calcifying species, reflecting the trends seen at other vent systems and in laboratory studies. The species assemblages at the Castello vents living at near future (2100) ocean acidification conditions (mean pH 7.8), show the resilience of many species to elevated CO2, including many calcifying species (e.g. sea urchins, serpulids, bryozoans, foraminifera and corals). These taxa show different physiological and ecological mechanisms for acclimatisation and adaptation to low pH. As the oceans continue to acidify to pH levels <7.8, species assemblages are likely to become dominated by fleshy algae and smaller-bodied, generalist invertebrates. These observations suggest that ocean acidification will result in a simplification of marine food webs and trophic complexity.
机译：随着海洋继续吸收二氧化碳（CO2），难以预测海洋生态系统的未来。自然二氧化碳排气位点，主要是火山原产地，提供pH梯度作为调查海洋酸化的生态影响的代理。 pH值下降的效果可以在增加的组织水平上评估，通过种群和社区对整个生态系统的人口和社区的响应来评估。作为天然实验室，CO2排气位点包含一系列环境因素，例如在实验室或中科姆斯中不能复制的营养素，电流和物种相互作用的一系列环境因素，其中一些通风系统具有诸如硫化氢等混杂因素，如硫化氢和硫化物金属。在海洋酸化环境中进行研究的第一个CO2排气部位是意大利伊斯基亚岛上Castello Aragonese的通风口。释放的气体主要是CO 2，没有有毒物质的证据。他们一直是大量研究的焦点，在此处以及在其他通风系统的研究中审查。沿着ISCHIA的pH梯度发生的物种的研究表明，随着pH的降低，钙化物种的降低，反映了在其他通风系统和实验室研究中看到的趋势。在近期生活（2100）海洋酸化条件（平均pH 7.8）的Castello通风口的物种组合，表明许多物种的恢复性升高，包括许多钙化物种（例如海胆，锯齿，盐酸，Foraminifera和珊瑚） 。这些分类群显示出不同的生理和生态机制，用于适应和适应低pH值。随着海洋继续酸化至pH水平<7.8，物种组合可能由肉质藻类和较小的通用无脊椎动物构成。这些观察结果表明，海洋酸化将缩短海洋食品网和繁殖复杂性。

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    SHAWNA ANDREA FOO; MARIA BYRNE; ELENA RICEVUTO;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Global Ecology Carnegie Institution for Science Stanford CA United States;

    School of Medical Sciences and School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia;

    Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Department of Integrative Marine Ecology Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center Ischia Italy;

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  • 中图分类 海洋学;
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