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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review >PROTECTED AREAS: THE FALSE HOPE FOR CETACEAN CONSERVATION?
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PROTECTED AREAS: THE FALSE HOPE FOR CETACEAN CONSERVATION?

机译：保护区：鲸类保护的虚假希望？

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In recent decades, marine protected areas (MPAs) have become the management measure of choice for cetacean conservation. They are a conspicuous conservation approach, the principle of which is readily understood by the public. Despite the drive to further develop the network of protected areas, the efficacy for cetacean conservation has rarely been considered. Policymakers need to make informed decisions on the best approaches for conservation of these highly charismatic species in circumstances where there are increasing pressures for the development of maritime industries combined with declining resources for conservation. As such, there is now a vital need for a synthesis of the available evidence for the value of MPAs for cetacean conservation. The results of the systematic review undertaken here indicate that in over 80 years of use and over 1000 designations, there is a distinct lack of rigorous published evidence for direct conservation benefits of MPAs for cetaceans. Two studies demonstrated improved survival as a result of MPA designation, although this was insufficient to reverse population declines. One study noted the continued use of an MPA because of management intervention, and another recorded a stable population within an MPA but did not demonstrate that this was attributable to the MPA. In contrast, there were considerably more examples of the failure of protected areas to attain their conservation goals for cetaceans. These were the result of changes in the spatial distribution of the populations for which the protected area had been designated, the lack of enforcement of measures within the site, or the need for additional measures beyond MPA boundaries. This review has highlighted that, for cetaceans at least, the main role of MPAs is in awareness raising and education rather than for direct ecological and/or population conservation purposes. Given the mobility of cetaceans and the widespread nature of many of the anthropogenic pressures to which they are exposed, pragmatic and effective solutions for conservation are required. An adaptive and dynamic approach to the management of human activities presents one possible solution.
机译：近几十年来，海洋保护区（MPA）已成为秘密保护的首选的管理措施。它们是一种显着的保护方法，其原则是公众容易理解的。尽管开展了进一步发展保护区网络，但很少考虑依锡保护的疗效。政策制定者需要了解有关在越来越多地保护海洋工业发展压力的情况下保护这些高度富有魅力物种的最佳方法的明智决策，即加工的资源下降。因此，现在对依锡缩放保存的MPA的价值合成可用证据的重要性。在这里进行的系统审查结果表明，在80多年的使用中和超过1000个指定中，有一个明显缺乏严格的公布证据，即用于鲸类的MPAS的直接保护益处。由于MPA指定，两项研究表明了提高的存活率，尽管这不足以逆转人口下降。一项研究注意到由于管理干预而继续使用MPA，另一名记录了MPA内的稳定人口，但没有表明这是归因于MPA。相比之下，有很多更多的保护区失败的例子，以获得鲸类的保护目标。这些是受保护区域被指定的人口的空间分布的变化的结果，缺乏现场内的措施，或需要额外的措施超出MPA边界。此审查突出显示，对于至少，MPAS的主要作用是提高认识和教育，而不是直接生态和/或人口保护目的。鉴于鲸类的迁移性和许多人为曝光的人为压力的普遍性，需要务实和有效的保护解决方案。管理人类活动管理的自适应和动态方法呈现了一种可能的解决方案。

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