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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review >DESIGN OPTIONS, IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES AND EVALUATING SUCCESS OF ECOLOGICALLY ENGINEERED SHORELINES
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DESIGN OPTIONS, IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES AND EVALUATING SUCCESS OF ECOLOGICALLY ENGINEERED SHORELINES

机译：设计选项，实施问题和生态工程覆盖物的成功

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Human population growth and accelerating coastal development have been the drivers for unprecedented construction of artificial structures along shorelines globally. Construction has been recently amplified by societal responses to reduce flood and erosion risks from rising sea levels and more extreme storms resulting from climate change. Such structures, leading to highly modified shorelines, deliver societal benefits, but they also create significant socioeconomic and environmental challenges. The planning, design and deployment of these coastal structures should aim to provide multiple goals through the application of ecoengineering to shoreline development. Such developments should be designed and built with the overarching objective of reducing negative impacts on nature, using hard, soft and hybrid ecological engineering approaches. The design of ecologically sensitive shorelines should be context-dependent and combine engineering, environmental and socioeconomic considerations. The costs and benefits of ecoengineered shoreline design options should be considered across all three of these disciplinary domains when setting objectives, informing plans for their subsequent maintenance and management and ultimately monitoring and evaluating their success. To date, successful ecoengineered shoreline projects have engaged with multiple stakeholders (e.g. architects, engineers, ecologists, coastal/port managers and the general public) during their conception and construction, but few have evaluated engineering, ecological and socioeconomic outcomes in a comprehensive manner. Increasing global awareness of climate change impacts (increased frequency or magnitude of extreme weather events and sea level rise), coupled with future predictions for coastal development (due to population growth leading to urban development and renewal, land reclamation and establishment of renewable energy infrastructure in the sea) will increase the demand for adaptive techniques to protect coastlines. In this review, we present an overview of current ecoengineered shoreline design options, the drivers and constraints that influence implementation and factors to consider when evaluating the success of such ecologically engineered shorelines.
机译：人口人口增长和加速沿海发展一直是沿着全球海岸线建造人造结构的司机。最近通过社会反应扩大了建设，以减少海平面上升和造成气候变化导致的暴风雨的洪水和侵蚀风险。这种结构导致高度修改的海岸线，提供社会效益，但它们也造成了重大的社会经济和环境挑战。这些沿海结构的规划，设计和部署应旨在通过在eCoenginering到海岸线开发来提供多种目标。使用艰难，柔软和混合生态工程方法，应设计和构建这些发展，并以减少对自然界的负面影响的总体目标。生态敏感的海岸线的设计应该是上下文相关的，并结合工程，环境和社会经济考虑因素。在制定目标时，应在所有三个纪律域中考虑生态工程海岸线设计选项的成本和益处，告知计划其后续维护和管理，并最终监测和评估其成功。迄今为止，成功的Ecoengineed海岸线项目在他们的概念和建设期间与多个利益相关者（例如建筑师，工程师，生态学家，沿海/港口经理和一般公众）进行了从事，但很少有人以综合态度评估工程，生态和社会经济结果。增加了全球气候变化意识的影响（极端天气事件和海平面上升的频率或大小），加上了对沿海发展的未来预测（由于人口增长导致城市发展和更新，土地回收和可再生能源基础设施的建立）海）将增加对保护海岸线的自适应技术的需求。在这篇综述中，我们概述了当前的生态工程海岸线设计选项，影响实施和因素的司机和约束，以考虑评估此类生态工程镜头的成功。

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    Morris Rebecca L.; Heery Eliza C.; Loke Lynette H. L.; Lau Edward; Strain Elisabeth M. A.; Airoldi Laura; Alexander Karen A.; Bishop Melanie J.; Coleman Ross A.; Cordell Jeffery R.; Dong Yun-Wei; Firth Louise B.; Hawkins Stephen J.; Heath Tom; Kokora Michael; Lee Shing Yip; Miller Jon K.; Perkol-Finkel Shimrit; Rella Andrew; Steinberg Peter D.; Takeuchi Ichiro; Thompson Richard C.; Todd Peter A.; Toft Jason D.; Leung Kenneth M. Y.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Melbourne Sch BioSci Natl Ctr Coasts &

    Climate Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia;

    Natl Univ Singapore Dept Biol Sci Expt Marine Ecol Lab Singapore 117543 Singapore;

    Natl Univ Singapore Dept Biol Sci Expt Marine Ecol Lab Singapore 117543 Singapore;

    Univ Hong Kong Swire Inst Marine Sci Pokfulam Hong Kong Peoples R China;

    Univ Melbourne Sch BioSci Natl Ctr Coasts &

    Climate Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia;

    Univ Bologna Dipartimento Sci Biol Geol &

    Ambientali BiGeA I-40126 Bologna Italy;

    Univ Tasmania Ctr Marine Socioecol Hobart Tas 7001 Australia;

    Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci Sydney NSW 2109 Australia;

    Univ Sydney Sch Life &

    Environm Sci Marine Ecol Labs A11 Ctr Res Ecol Impacts Coastal Cities Sydney NSW 2006 Australia;

    Univ Washington Sch Aquat &

    Fishery Sci Box 355020 Seattle WA 98195 USA;

    Xiamen Univ Coll Ocean &

    Earth Sci State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci Xiamen Peoples R China;

    Univ Plymouth Sch Biol &

    Marine Sci Plymouth PL4 8AA Devon England;

    Univ Southampton Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton Sch Ocean &

    Earth Sci Southampton SO14 3ZH Hants England;

    Georges River Council Hurstville NSW 2220 Australia;

    Univ Hong Kong Fac Architecture Pokfulam Hong Kong Peoples R China;

    Chinese Univ Hong Kong Sch Life Sci Simon FS Li Marine Sci Lab Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China;

    Stevens Inst Technol Davidson Lab Hoboken NJ 07030 USA;

    ECOncrete Tech LTD POB 51528 Tel Aviv Israel;

    ECOncrete Tech LTD POB 51528 Tel Aviv Israel;

    Univ New South Wales Sch Biol Earth &

    Environm Sci Sydney NSW 2052 Australia;

    Ehime Univ Grad Sch Agr Matsuyama Ehime Japan;

    Univ Plymouth Sch Biol &

    Marine Sci Plymouth PL4 8AA Devon England;

    Natl Univ Singapore Dept Biol Sci Expt Marine Ecol Lab Singapore 117543 Singapore;

    Univ Washington Sch Aquat &

    Fishery Sci Box 355020 Seattle WA 98195 USA;

    Univ Hong Kong Swire Inst Marine Sci Pokfulam Hong Kong Peoples R China;

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