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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Human altered disturbance patterns and forest succession: impacts of competition and ungulate herbivory
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Human altered disturbance patterns and forest succession: impacts of competition and ungulate herbivory

机译：人类改变的干扰模式和森林继承：竞争的影响和牵引食草动物

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摘要

Human activities are altering patterns of ungulate herbivory and wildfire regimes globally with large potential impacts on plant community succession and ecosystem resilience. Aspen (Populus tremuloides) is a keystone species which co-exists with conifer species across temperate forests in North America. Aspen sucker regeneration which is the foundation of aspen-conifer forests succession is often a targeted food source by multiple ungulate species. Using a region-wide exclosure network across a broad gradient of aspen-conifer overstory abundance, we empirically tested the effects of ungulate herbivory and conifer competition (that increases with fire suppression), on the regeneration and recruitment of aspen forests over a 4-year period. The study results indicate that ungulate herbivory and increasing abundance of overstory conifers dramatically reduced aspen regeneration and recruitment success. The average height of aspen suckers exposed to ungulate herbivory was 72% shorter than aspen suckers in fenced plots and resulted in 24% less recruitment. There was a 9% decrease in aspen recruitmentand 12% decrease in averageaspen height with every 20% increase in overstory conifer density. Aspen suckers were most vulnerable to herbivory at 70cm height, with the probability of herbivory decreasing under 50cm or above 90cm. Steep slope angles and higher winter precipitation increased aspen regeneration and recruitment success. Reduction in aspen recruitment in response to ungulate herbivory and competition by conifers may result in loss of biodiversity, altered forest function and loss of key ecosystem services because of the important role that aspen plays in facilitating forest succession and biodiversity.
机译：人类的活动正在改变全球范围内的未拔出草食病和野火制度的模式，对植物群落的继承和生态系统恢复力产生了巨大的潜在影响。 Aspen（Populus Trowuloides）是一种骨石种类，其在北美的温带林中的针叶树种类共存。作为白杨针叶树林连铸的Aspen吸盘再生通常是多种脱噬细胞的靶向食物来源。使用区域范围的界限网络横跨亚斯彭针叶树过度丰富的广泛梯度，我们经验经验测试了牵引草本植物和针叶树竞争的影响（随着消防抑制的增加），在4年内的阿巴林森林的再生和招募时期。该研究结果表明，脱噬草草和增加丰富的逾野针叶树，显着降低了白杨再生和招聘成功。暴露于未脱扣草食的白杨吸盘的平均高度比围栏图中的白杨吸盘短72％，导致招生减少24％。白杨招生的9％减少，平均高度的12％减少，每20％的疏散针叶铅密度增加。 Aspen吸盘最容易受到70cm高度的草本血症的影响，其草食物下降的可能性在50cm以下或90cm以上。陡坡角度和较高的冬季降水量增加了白杨再生和招生成功。减少阿斯彭招募以应对未造成的草食病和针刺竞争可能导致生物多样性丧失，改变森林功能和关键生态系统服务的丧失，因为阿斯本在促进森林继承和生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用。

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