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Evapotranspiration of irrigated and rainfed maize-soybean cropping systems

机译：灌溉和雨养玉米-大豆种植系统的蒸散量

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We have been making year-round measurements of mass and energy exchange in three cropping systems: (a) irrigated continuous maize, (b) irrigated maize-soybean rotation, and (c) rainfed maize-soybean rotation in eastern Nebraska since 2001. In this paper, we present results on evapotranspiration (ET) of these crops for the first 5 years of our study. Growing season ET in the irrigated and rainfed maize averaged 548 and 482mm, respectively. In irrigated and rainfed soybean, the average growing season ET was 452 and 431mm, respectively. On average, the maize ET was higher than the soybean ET by 18% for irrigated crops and by 11% for rainfed crops. The mid-season crop coefficient K c (=ET/ET and ET is the reference ET) for irrigated maize was 1.03pl0.07. For rainfed maize, significant dry-down conditions prevailed and mid-season K c was 0.84pl0.20. For irrigated soybean, the mid-season K c was 0.98pl0.02. The mid-season dry down in rainfed soybean years was not severe and the K c (0.90pl0.13) was only slightly lower than the values for the irrigated fields. Non-growing season evaporation ranged from 100 to 172mm and contributed about 16-28% of the annual ET in irrigated/rainfed maize and 24-26% in irrigated/rainfed soybean. The amount of surface mulch biomass explained 71% of the variability in non-growing season evaporation totals. Water use efficiency (or biomass transpiration efficiency), defined as the ratio of total plant biomass (Y DM) to growing season transpiration (T) was 5.20pl0.34 and 5.22pl0.36gkgp#, respectively for irrigated and rainfed maize crops. Similarly, the biomass transpiration efficiency for irrigated and rainfed soybean crops was 3.21pl0.35 and 2.96pl0.30gkgp#. Thus, the respective biomass transpiration efficiency of these crops was nearly constant regardless of rainfall and irrigation.
机译：自2001年以来，我们一直在对三种种植系统的质量和能量交换进行全年测量：（a）灌溉连续玉米，（b）灌溉玉米-大豆轮作以及（c）内布拉斯加州东部的雨养玉米-大豆轮作。在本文中，我们介绍了我们研究的前5年中这些作物的蒸散量（ET）的结果。灌溉和雨养玉米的生长季平均ET分别为548mm和482mm。在灌溉大豆和雨育大豆中，平均生长期ET分别为452mm和431mm。平均而言，灌溉作物的玉米ET比大豆ET高18％，而雨养作物高11％。灌溉玉米的季中作物系数K c（= ET / ET，ET为参考ET）为1.03pl0.07。对于雨育玉米，普遍存在明显的干燥条件，季中K c为0.84pl0.20。对于灌溉大豆，中期K c为0.98pl0.02。雨养大豆年份的中期干旱不严重，K c（0.90pl0.13）仅略低于灌溉田的值。非生长季节的蒸发量在100到172mm之间，在灌溉/雨水玉米中贡献了大约ET的16-28％，在灌溉/雨水大豆中贡献了24-26％。地表覆盖生物量的数量解释了非生长季节蒸发总量中71％的变异性。灌溉和雨养玉米作物的水分利用效率（或生物量蒸腾效率）定义为植物总生物量（Y DM）与生长季蒸腾量（T）的比率分别为5.20pl0.34和5.22pl0.36gkgp＃。同样，灌溉和雨育大豆作物的生物量蒸腾效率分别为3.21pl0.35和2.96pl0.30gkgp＃。因此，无论降雨和灌溉如何，这些作物各自的生物量蒸腾效率几乎恒定。

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