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首页> 外文期刊>Ostrich >Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of 'true' francolins: Galliformes, Phasianidae, Phasianinae, Gallini; Francolinus, Ortygornis, Afrocolinus gen. nov., Peliperdix and Scleroptila spp.
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Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of 'true' francolins: Galliformes, Phasianidae, Phasianinae, Gallini; Francolinus, Ortygornis, Afrocolinus gen. nov., Peliperdix and Scleroptila spp.

机译：“真实”粉碎的分类，系统发育和生物地理学：Galliformes，phasianidae，phasianinae，Gallini; Francolinus，Ortygornis，Afrocolinus Gen。 11月，Peliperdix和Scleroptila SPP。

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摘要

Afro-Asiatic perdicine galliform taxa commonly and inconsistently referred to as francolins, spurfowls and partridges have contentious taxonomic and phylogenetic histories. Hall combined two putative monophyletic, but taxonomically unnamed, clades comprising 28 perdicine species known as 'francolins' or fisante in South Africa and 13 more quail-like species (partridges or patryse) into a single genus Francolinus, which was the largest galliform genus. Furthermore, she partitioned fisante + patryse into eight, also formally unnamed, putative monophyletic 'Groups' and speculated on the phylogenetic affinities of four 'Unplaced' species. We investigate patryse sensu lato using combined morphological, vocalisation and DNA evidence to produce a comprehensive revision of patryse taxonomy and phylogeny, a stable classification system and common-naming practice, and hypotheses vis-a-vis eco-biogeographical processes that promoted their speciation and cladogenesis. We confirm the monophyly of a larger patryse clade (including members of Hall's 'Spotted Group' and one 'Unplaced' species, gularis) both from her fisante, and propose that they should be referred to commonly as 'francolins'. We recognise five genera in the following phylogenetic sequence: Francolinus, Ortygornis, Afrocolinus gen. nov. plus Peliperdix and Scleroptila. The proposed new system recognises 31 species, elevating 14 subspecies to species level (Ortygornis grantii, O. rovuma, Peliperdix dewittei, P. hubbardi, P. thikae, P. stuhlmanni, P. maharao, P. spinetorum, Scleroptila crawshayi, S. elgonensis, S. gutturalis, S. jugularis, S. uluensis and S. whytei) and lumping other subspecies into more inclusive entities. Biogeographically, Asio-African 'true' francolins sensu lato appear to have originated in Asia and/or Indonesia and were derived from a forest-adapted taxon. Within Africa, an early evolutionary radiation occurred in subdeserts and arid bush versus primary forest, culminating in Ortygornis spp. and Afrocolinus lathami. Thereafter, there was more complex evolution in savannas and grasslands along rainfall and altitudinal gradients. This radiation was further driven allo-parapatrically by topography, rainfall, dynamically expanding and contracting forests and Lake Mega-Chad.
机译：常见的症状巨乳巨大素巨大血管株，刺激性和鹧and，孢子叶和鹧and具有令人争议的分类学和系统发育历史。霍尔联合了两个推定的单晶，但分类上未命名，含有28种被称为“Francolins”或南非Fisante的植物物种，以及13种更加鹌鹑类（射击或帕特里斯特）进入一个单一的Francolinus，这是最大的脑鞘属。此外，她将Fisante + Patryse分成八个，也可以正式未命名，推定的单噬细胞“群体，并推测了四种”脱落“物种的系统发育亲缘性。我们使用组合的形态学，声毒和DNA证据来调查帕特瑞斯斯Sensu Lato，以综合修订帕特里斯分类和系统发育，稳定的分类系统和共同命名实践，并假设Vis-A-Vis生态生物地图程，促进其形态和囊育。我们确认了一个较大的Patryse Clade（包括大厅的“被察觉的小组”的成员，以及来自她的Fisante的一个'unplaced'种，Gularis），并建议他们应该被称为“Francolins”。我们在以下系统发育序列中识别五属：Francolinus，Ortygornis，Afrocolinus Gen。 11月。加上佩莱哌德和硬勒杆菌。拟议的新系统识别31种，将14个亚种升高到物种水平（Ortygornis Grantii，O. Rovuma，Peliperdix dewittei，P.Hubbardi，P.Thikae，P.Stuhlmanni，P.Maharao，P.Maharao，P.Pimetorum，Scleropila Crawshayi，S. Elgonensis，S.Gutturalis，S.Jugularis，S. Uluensis和S. Whytei）和将其他亚种的群体纳入更包容的实体。生物地理位置，Asio-African'真正的'Francolins Sensu Lato似乎已经起源于亚洲和/或印度尼西亚，并来自森林适应的分类群。在非洲，在柔软和干旱丛林与原发性森林中发生早期进化辐射，在Ortygornis SPP中达到了最终森林。和Afrocolinus lathami。此后，沿着降雨和高原梯度的大草原和草原上的进化更复杂。这种辐射通过地形，降雨，动态扩展和收缩森林和巨型乍得湖泊进一步驱动了allo-parapatrive。

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