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Duration of survey changes interpretation of habitat preferences: an example of an endemic tropical songbird, the Bangwa Forest Warbler

机译：调查持续时间改变了栖息地偏好的解释：邦瓦林鸣鸟的地方性热带鸣禽的一个例子

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Understanding the distribution, habitat preferences and population trends is crucial to effectively manage and protect birds. Currently, in this area, there are disproportionally more studies on temperate than on tropical species. Consequently managing, protecting and predicting population trends in tropical birds can be difficult. In our study we investigated detectability, distribution and habitat preferences of an endemic songbird, the Bangwa Forest Warbler Bradypterus bangwaensis (BFW) in the Bamenda Highlands (NW Cameroon). We used autonomous sound recorders to detect the BFW at 192 points and described habitat around these points. The survey was conducted from one hour before sunrise to three hours after sunrise. BFW was widespread within the study area, recorded at 65% of surveyed points. The probability of detecting BFW ranged from 26% during the first hour before sunrise to 93% during three-hour survey (from one hour before sunrise to two hours after sunrise). Three of ten habitat characteristics significantly affected BFW occurrence: altitude (negatively), vegetation cover at 3-5 m (positively) and at 5-10 m (negatively) above ground. Varying survey duration (one, two, three or four hours) and then comparing distribution patterns obtained from species occurrence of each survey duration illustrated that different habitat features were identified as relevant to BFW occurrence. We showed that BFW is a habitat generalist, inhabiting different types of montane bush. Deforestation may cause population declines of this species. We suggest that the counting methods based on short-time survey duration may be inaccurate in tropical environments, at least for detecting species similar to the BFW, which sings irregularly, and is detected mostly only aurally. Autonomous sound recording might be an effective alternative to the traditional approach to determination of bird distribution in such cases, because it enables increasing survey duration, appropriate sampling in time and increased probability of species detection.
机译：了解分配，栖息地偏好和人口趋势至关重要，有效地管理和保护鸟类。目前，在该领域，对温带的研究比热带物种更为不成比例。因此，管理，保护和预测热带鸟类的人口趋势可能很困难。在我们研究中，我们调查了在Bamenda Highlands（NW Cameroon）中的邦沃林鸣禽Bradypterus Bangwaensis（BFW）的人群歌曲鸟的可检测，分布和栖息地偏好。我们使用自动录音机在192点检测BFW，并在这些点周围描述了栖息地。调查是从日出前一小时进行的，日出后三个小时。 BFW普遍存在研究区内，记录在65％的受访点。在三小时的调查期间，在日出前的第一个小时内检测BFW的概率为26％，从日出前的一小时到日出前的一小时到日出后两小时）。十个栖息地特征中的三种显着影响BFW发生：高度（负面），植被覆盖3-5米（正面），在地上的5-10米（负面）。不同的调查持续时间（一个，两个，三个或四小时），然后比较从各种调查持续时间的物种发生所获得的分布模式说明了与BFW发生相关的不同栖息地特征。我们表明，BFW是一种栖息地，居住不同类型的蒙太金属丛林。森林砍伐可能导致人口下降这种物种。我们建议基于短时调查持续时间的计数方法在热带环境中可能不准确，至少用于检测类似于BFW的物种，该物种是不规则的，并且仅被静脉检测到。自主声音录音可能是传统的鸟类分布方法在这种情况下确定鸟类分布的方法，因为它能够提高调查持续时间，适当的采样以及增加物种检测概率。

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