Continuing Medical Education: A Cross Sectional Study on a Developing Country's Perspective

Ali Syed Arsalan; ul Fawwad Shaikh Hamiz; Ahmed Gulrayz; Naz Sumayya; Waqar Syeda Aimen; Hareem Anam

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Continuing Medical Education: A Cross Sectional Study on a Developing Country's Perspective

机译：继续医学教育：发展中国家视角的横断面研究

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To determine the attitude of general practitioners towards continuing medical education (CME) and reasons motivating or hindering them from attending CME procedures, we conducted a cross-sectional survey from November 2013 to April 2014 in Karachi. Three hundred general practitioners who possessed a medical license for practice in Pakistan filled a pre-designed questionnaire consisting of questions pertaining to attitudes towards CME. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v16.0. 70.3% (n = 211) of the participants were males. Mean age was 47.75 +/- 9.47 years. Only 67.33% knew about CME and only 52% had attended a CME session. Reasons for attending CME procedures reported were: need for updating knowledge, skills and competencies (67.30%), opportunity to meet colleagues (18.58%) and presenting scientific papers (8.97%). Mean Likert score was 1.67 (+/- 0.667) for those who thought CME is worthwhile and 1.44 (+/- 0.686) for those who consider their clinical duties as the major hurdle in attending CME procedures. Most common cause for not attending CME was lack of knowledge (32.66%) followed by time constraint (24%). Most physicians were not sufficiently informed about the potential benefits of CME and had never attended a CME session. Most common reason for attending CME procedures reported was need for updating knowledge, skills and competencies while reasons hindering physicians from attending CME were lack of knowledge and time constraint.

机译：为了确定一般从业者对继续医学教育（CME）的态度以及激励或阻碍他们通过参加CME程序的原因，我们在2013年11月至2014年4月在卡拉奇进行了横断面调查。在巴基斯坦拥有医疗执照的三百名普通从业者填写了一个预先设计的问卷，这些问卷由与CME的态度有关。使用SPSS V16.0输入并分析数据。参与者的70.3％（n = 211）是男性。平均年龄为47.75 +/- 9.47年。只有67.33％知道CME，只有52％的人参加了CME会议。参加CME程序的原因是：需要更新知识，技能和能力（67.30％），满足同事的机会（18.58％）并提出科学论文（8.97％）。对于那些认为CME值得的人和1.44（+/- 0.686），那些将临床职责视为参加CME程序的主要障碍的人来说，意味着李克特得分为1.67（+/- 0.667）。未参加CME的最常见原因缺乏知识（32.66％），然后是时间限制（24％）。大多数医生没有足够地了解了CME的潜在利益，并且从未参加过CME会议。报告称，参加CME程序的最常见原因需要更新知识，技能和能力，而妨碍医生参加CME的原因缺乏知识和时间约束。

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《Science and engineering ethics》 |2018年第1期|共10页
作者
Ali Syed Arsalan; ul Fawwad Shaikh Hamiz; Ahmed Gulrayz; Naz Sumayya; Waqar Syeda Aimen; Hareem Anam;
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作者单位

Dow Univ Hlth Sci Karachi Pakistan;

St Francis Med Ctr Trenton NJ USA;

Mt Auburn Hosp Cambridge MA USA;

Patel Hosp Karachi Karachi Pakistan;

Dow Univ Hlth Sci Karachi Pakistan;

Civil Hosp Karachi Karachi Pakistan;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类伦理学（道德哲学）;自然科学总论;
关键词
General physicians; Continuing medical education; Developing world;

机译：一般医生;继续医学教育;发展中国家;

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1. Continuing Medical Education: A Cross Sectional Study on a Developing Country's Perspective [J] . Ali Syed Arsalan, ul Fawwad Shaikh Hamiz, Ahmed Gulrayz, Science and engineering ethics . 2018,第1期

机译：继续医学教育：发展中国家视角的横断面研究
2. Letter to the Editor: Continuing Medical Education: Pakistan, a Developing Country's Perspective [J] . Hamiz-ul-FawwadS., AhmedG., AliS.A. American journal of medical quality: the official journal of the American College of Medical Quality . 2013,第2期

机译：致编辑的信：继续医学教育：发展中国家的视角巴基斯坦
3. Difference in Stroke Knowledge between Rural and Urban Communities in a Developing Country after Community-Based Stroke Educational Campaigns: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study [J] . Gongora-Rivera Fernando, Gonzalez-Aquines Alejandro, Muruet Walter, Neuroepidemiology . 2018,第3a4期

机译：社区中风教育运动后农村和城市社区之间的冲程知识差异：横断面研究的结果
4. Health and safety perspective on medical waste management in a developing country: A case study of Dhaka city [C] . M. A. Patwary, W. T. OHare, G. Street, International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing . 2009

机译：发展中国家医疗废物管理的健康与安全视角：达卡市案例研究
5. A descriptive study of the view from the top: Perspectives of experts in continuing medical education. [D] . Baker, Martha C. 2010

机译：对高层观点的描述性研究：继续医学教育专家的观点。
6. Is income or employment a stronger predictor of smoking than education in economically less developed countries? A cross-sectional study in Hungary [O] . Mall Leinsalu, Csilla Kaposvári, Anton E Kunst 2011

机译：在经济欠发达国家中收入或就业是否比吸烟更能预测吸烟？匈牙利的横断面研究
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。

Continuing Medical Education: A Cross Sectional Study on a Developing Country's Perspective

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