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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology >Modelling seedling emergence in chickpea as influenced by temperature and sowing depth.
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Modelling seedling emergence in chickpea as influenced by temperature and sowing depth.

机译：模拟鹰嘴豆幼苗出苗受温度和播种深度的影响。

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Quantitative information about temperature and sowing depth effects on seedling emergence in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is scarce. The main objective of this study was to develop a seedling emergence model for chickpea. To do this, a field experiment in Iran from 2001-03 (using kabuli type cultivars Beauvanij, 90-96c, Hashem and Jam) with a range of sowing dates (12 December in 2001; and 15 January, 15 February, 17 March, 16 April, 18 May, 17 June, 16 August, 15 September, 14 October and 12 November in 2002) and a pot experiment in 2002 (using cv. Hashem) were conducted to determine cardinal temperatures and physiological days (i.e., number of days under optimum temperatures) required for seedling emergence, and to quantify the response of seedling emergence to sowing depth. In the field experiment, the four chickpea cultivars were sown at 11 dates and time to emergence and emergence percentage were evaluated. Sowing depth was 5 cm. Several linear and non-linear functions were used to describe the relationship between emergence rate and temperature. The pot experiment was conducted in a controlled-temperature room (21+or-1 degrees C) using five sowing depths (2.5-14 cm). Results showed that the response of chickpea emergence to temperature is best described by a dent-like function with cardinal temperatures of 4.5 degrees C for base, 20.2 degrees C for lower optimum, 29.3 degrees C for upper optimum and 40 degrees C for ceiling temperature. Six physiological days (equivalent to a thermal time of 94 degrees C days) was required from sowing to emergence at a sowing depth of 5 cm. The physiological days requirement increased by 0.9 days for each centimetre increase in sowing depth. Based on the results from the field and pot experiments, a seedling emergence model was constructed. This model successfully simulated emergence date (range 4-140 days) in spring, winter and 'dormant' sowing dates across Iran. Using an example for North West Iran, it was shown how this model could be used to optimize sowing management, including the local 'dormant sowing' practice, whereby the crop is sown prior to winter for early emergence in the following spring..
机译：缺乏关于温度和播种深度对鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum）出苗的影响的定量信息。这项研究的主要目的是建立鹰嘴豆幼苗出苗模型。为此，2001年3月在伊朗进行了田间试验（使用卡布利型品种Beauvanij，90-96c，Hashem和Jam），播种范围（2001年12月12日; 1月15日，2月15日，3月17日），在2002年进行了2002年4月16日，5月18日，6月17日，8月15日，9月14日和11月12日）和2002年的盆栽实验（使用cv。Hashem）确定基本温度和生理天数（即天数）在最佳温度下），以确保幼苗出苗，并量化幼苗出苗对播种深度的响应。在田间试验中，在11个日期和时间播种了四个鹰嘴豆品种，并评估了出苗率。播种深度为5厘米。几个线性和非线性函数被用来描述出现率和温度之间的关系。在5个播种深度（2.5-14厘米）的可控温度室内（21+或-1摄氏度）中进行盆栽试验。结果表明，鹰嘴豆出苗对温度的响应最好通过凹痕状函数来描述，基数为基部温度为4.5摄氏度，最低基数为20.2摄氏度，最高基数为29.3摄氏度，最高温度为40摄氏度。从播种到播种深度为5 cm，需要6个生理天（相当于94摄氏度的热天）。播种深度每增加1厘米，生理天数需求就增加0.9天。根据田间试验和盆栽试验的结果，建立了幼苗出苗模型。该模型成功模拟了整个伊朗春季，冬季和“休眠”播种日期的出苗日期（4-140天）。以伊朗西北部地区为例，说明了如何使用该模型优化播种管理，包括当地的“休眠播种”做法，即在冬季之前播种作物，以便在第二年春季早播。

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