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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology >Impacts of recent climate warming, cultivar changes, and crop management on winter wheat phenology across the Loess Plateau of China
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Impacts of recent climate warming, cultivar changes, and crop management on winter wheat phenology across the Loess Plateau of China

机译：黄土高原地区近期气候变暖，品种变化和作物经营对冬小麦物候的影响

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Crop yields are influenced by growing season length, which are determined by temperature and agronomic management, such as sowing date and changes in cultivars. It is essential to quantify the interaction between climate change and crop management on crop phenology to understand the adaptation of farming systems to climate change. Historical changes in winter wheat phenology have been observed across the Loess Plateau of China during 1981-2009. The observed dates of sowing, emergence, and beginning of winter dormancy were delayed by an average of 1.2, 1.3, and 1.2 days decade(-1), respectively. Conversely, the dates of green-up (regrowth after winter dormancy), anthesis, and maturity advanced by an average of 2.0, 3.7, and 3.1 days decade(-1), respectively. Additionally, the growth duration (sowing to maturity), overwintering period, and vegetative phase (sowing to anthesis) shortened by an average of 4.3, 3.1, and 5.0 days decade(-1), respectively. The changes in phenological stages and phases were significantly negatively correlated with a temperature increase during this time. Differently to most other phase changes, the reproductive phase (anthesis to maturity) prolonged by an average of 0.7 day decade(-1), but this was spatially variable. The prolonged reproductive phase was due to advanced anthesis dates and consequently caused the reproductive phase to occur during a cooler part of the season, which led to an extended reproductive phase. Applying a crop simulation model using a field-tested standard cultivar across locations and years indicated that the simulated phenological stages have accelerated with the warming trend more than the observed phenological stages. This indicated that, over the last decades, later sowing dates and the introduction of new cultivars with longer thermal time requirement have compensated for some of the increased temperature-induced changes in wheat phenology. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：作物产量受生长季节长度的影响，生长季节长度取决于温度和农艺管理，例如播种日期和品种变化。必须量化气候变化与作物物候方面的作物管理之间的相互作用，以了解耕作制度对气候变化的适应性。在1981-2009年期间，中国黄土高原地区观测到冬小麦物候的历史变化。观测到的播种，出苗和冬季休眠开始的日期分别平均延迟了1.2、1.3和1.2天十年（-1）。相反，绿化（冬季休眠后的再生），花期和成熟期分别提前了2.0、3.7和3.1天的十年（-1）。此外，生长持续时间（播种到成熟），越冬期和营养期（播种到花粉）分别平均缩短了4.3、3.1和5.0天十年（-1）。在此期间，物候阶段和阶段的变化与温度升高显着负相关。与大多数其他阶段变化不同，生殖阶段（花期到成熟期）平均延长0.7天十年（-1），但这在空间上是可变的。生育期延长是由于花期提前，因此导致生育期发生在季节较凉的季节，从而导致生育期延长。使用经过田间测试的标准品种的作物模拟模型在不同地点和年份进行应用，结果表明，随着变暖趋势，模拟物候阶段的加速幅度大于观测到的物候阶段。这表明，在过去的几十年中，较晚的播种日期和对热时间有较长要求的新品种的引入已经补偿了温度引起的小麦物候变化的增加。 （C）2014 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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