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Membrane fouling by emulsified oil: A review

机译：乳化油膜污染：综述

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Separation of liquid-liquid emulsions is a challenging problem that has gained importance with the development of unconventional oil resources. Large volumes of water contaminated by emulsified oil need to be treated for safe disposal or efficient reuse. Among technologies capable of removing oil dispersed into smaller size droplets (< 15 mu m), membrane processes occupy a unique niche where the required separation performance and throughput can be achieved at a relatively modest cost. As with most membrane-based processes, separation of emulsified oil entails membrane fouling that requires regular maintenance and imposes additional operational costs. Emulsions present unique challenges as their fouling behavior is affected by droplets' deformability, coalescence both in the bulk and on the membrane surface, membrane wetting by droplets and films, pore blockage and intrusion by oil. The purpose of this paper is to overview the literature on the separation of oil-water emulsions by pressure-driven membrane processes with an emphasis on how properties of emulsions and membranes affect separation performance. A particular focus is on membrane fouling by oil including physicochemical bases, detection, diagnosis, and visualization. The review spans studies with both industrial oily wastewater and synthetic model emulsions of various types of oil. The discussion of membrane materials is limited to surface modifications that render more fouling-resistant membranes.
机译：液体液体乳液的分离是一个具有挑战性的问题，这一问题与非传统石油资源的发展产生了重要性。需要治疗由乳化油污染的大量水，以便安全处理或有效的再利用。在能够去除分散到较小尺寸液滴（<15μm）的油的技术中，膜工艺占据独特的利基，其中可以以相对适度的成本实现所需的分离性能和产量。与大多数基于膜的过程一样，乳化油的分离需要膜污染，需要定期维护，并施加额外的运营成本。乳液呈现出独特的挑战，因为它们的结垢行为受到液滴可变形性的影响，在体积和膜表面上的聚结，膜表面上的膜和膜润湿，孔隙阻塞和侵入油。本文的目的是通过压力驱动的膜过程概述对油水乳液分离的文献，重点是乳液和膜的性能如何影响分离性能。特定的重点是通过石油膜污染，包括物理化学基础，检测，诊断和可视化。综述涵盖了工业油性废水和各种油的合成模型乳液的研究。膜材料的讨论限于表面修饰，使耐污垢耐污垢。

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