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首页> 外文期刊>Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine >Environmental Causes of Asthma
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Environmental Causes of Asthma

机译：哮喘的环境原因

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Environmental factors which cause asthma are those that induce airway inflammation with eosinophils (more common) or neutrophils along with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The most common of these (indeed the most common cause of asthma) are IgE-mediated inhalant allergen exposures. Allergen-induced AHR and inflammation are both associated with the allergen-induced late asthmatic response (LAR). Although allergens were previously recognized only as causes of symptoms and bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, we now appreciate them as causes of the fundamental pathophysiologic features of asthma. Low-molecular-weight chemical sensitizers, causes of occupational asthma, also cause asthma in a manner analogous to allergen. Acute irritant-induced asthma (reactive airways dysfunction syndrome) following a very heavy irritant exposure and chronic irritant-induced asthma following repeated high exposures can also induce persistent or permanent changes (inflammation and AHR) consistent with asthma. Textile dust exposure produces a different form of airway disease (byssinosis) which is less frequently observed currently. Environmental exposure to tobacco smoke facilitates the development of asthma in children. Personal smoking and environmental air pollution have an inconsistent and likely generally small effect in causing asthma.
机译：导致哮喘的环境因素是诱导气道炎症与嗜酸性粒细胞（更常见）或中性粒细胞以及气道高反应性（AHR）的气道炎症的因素。其中最常见的（确实是哮喘最常见的原因）是IgE介导的吸入式过敏原暴露。过敏原诱导的AHR和炎症都与过敏原诱导的哮喘反应（LAR）有关。虽然过敏原先仅作为哮喘症状和支气管中的原因识别，但我们现在将它们欣赏到哮喘基本病理物理学特征的原因。低分子量化学敏感剂，职业哮喘的原因，也引起类似于过敏原的方式引起哮喘。在重复的高曝光后急性刺激性暴露和慢性刺激性哮喘后急性刺激性诱导的哮喘（反应性气道功能障碍综合征）也可以诱导与哮喘一致的持续或永久性变化（炎症和AHR）。纺织灰尘暴露产生不同形式的气道疾病（产量症），目前常常观察到。环境暴露于烟草烟雾促进儿童哮喘的发展。人身吸烟和环境空气污染在引起哮喘方面具有不一致的并且可能普遍的效果。

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