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Bolt preload measurement based on the acoustoelastic effect using smart piezoelectric bolt

机译：基于智能压电螺栓的声弹性效果的螺栓预载测量

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摘要

Precise measurement of bolt preload force is particularly important in the assembly process of aviation equipment, which is directly related to the normal working performance and indicators of the equipment. According to the acoustoelastic effect, a model considering theoretical error and measurement error is proposed. The relationship between the change of time-of-flight (CTOF) and the bolt preload is established by the model. With the increase of the preload, the CTOF approximately increases linearly. Therefore, a smart piezoelectric bolt was developed. Piezoceramic transducer is embedded in the bolt head at pre-determined spatial locations. Experimental results show that the relative error of the smart bolt is about 1%. In addition, the influence of contact pressure and contact phase is discussed. The results show that the characteristic of smart piezoelectric bolt eliminates the effect of the couplant and makes the measurement more precise than the measurement performed using the ultrasonic probe. This method provides a promising way to measure the bolt preload.
机译：精确测量螺栓预紧力在航空设备的组装过程中尤为重要，其与设备的正常工作性能和指示器直接相关。根据声弹性效果，提出了考虑理论误差和测量误差的模型。模型建立了飞行时间（CTOF）和螺栓预加载之间的关系。随着预载的增加，CTOF大致线性增加。因此，开发了一种智能压电螺栓。压电陶瓷传感器在预定的空间位置嵌入螺栓头中。实验结果表明，智能螺栓的相对误差约为1％。此外，讨论了接触压力和接触阶段的影响。结果表明，智能压电螺栓的特性消除了耦合剂的效果，使测量比使用超声波探头执行的测量更精确。该方法提供了测量螺栓预载荷的有希望的方法。

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