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首页> 外文期刊>Solar physics >Observing the Sun with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA): Fast-Scan Single-Dish Mapping
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Observing the Sun with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA): Fast-Scan Single-Dish Mapping

机译：用Atacama大毫米/亚当峰值阵列（ALMA）观察太阳：快速扫描单碟映射

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摘要

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) radio telescope has commenced science observations of the Sun starting in late 2016. Since the Sun is much larger than the field of view of individual ALMA dishes, the ALMA interferometer is unable to measure the background level of solar emission when observing the solar disk. The absolute temperature scale is a critical measurement for much of ALMA solar science, including the understanding of energy transfer through the solar atmosphere, the properties of prominences, and the study of shock heating in the chromosphere. In order to provide an absolute temperature scale, ALMA solar observing will take advantage of the remarkable fast-scanning capabilities of the ALMA 12 m dishes to make single-dish maps of the full Sun. This article reports on the results of an extensive commissioning effort to optimize the mapping procedure, and it describes the nature of the resulting data. Amplitude calibration is discussed in detail: a path that uses the two loads in the ALMA calibration system as well as sky measurements is described and applied to commissioning data. Inspection of a large number of single-dish datasets shows significant variation in the resulting temperatures, and based on the temperature distributions, we derive quiet-Sun values at disk center of 7300 K at lambda = 3 mm and 5900 K at lambda = 1.3 mm. These values have statistical uncertainties of about 100 K, but systematic uncertainties in the temperature scale that may be significantly larger. Example images are presented from two periods with very different levels of solar activity. At a resolution of about 25 '', the 1.3 mm wavelength images show temperatures on the disk that vary over about a 2000 K range. Active regions and plages are among the hotter features, while a large sunspot umbra shows up as a depression, and filament channels are relatively cool. Prominences above the solar limb are a common feature of the single-dish images.
机译：Atacama大型毫米/亚倍数钟阵列（Alma）射频望远镜已经开始于2016年底开始的太阳的科学观察。由于太阳远大于单个Alma菜肴的视野，Alma干涉仪无法测量背景水平观察太阳能盘时的太阳发射。绝对温度尺度是大部分阿尔马太阳科科学的临界测量，包括通过太阳能大气，突出性的能力的理解，以及铬圈中的冲击加热研究。为了提供绝对温度标度，Alma Solar观测将利用Alma 12 M菜肴的显着快速扫描能力，以制作全日型的单碟地图。本文报告了广泛的委托工作的结果，以优化映射程序，并描述了所得数据的性质。详细讨论幅度校准：描述并应用了使用ALMA校准系统中的两个负载的路径以及天空测量并应用于调试数据。检查大量单盘数据集显示结果温度的显着变化，并基于温度分布，我们在Lambda = 3mm和5900 k处的7300 k磁盘中心的安静 - 太阳值衍生Qualla = 1.3mm 。这些值具有约100k的统计不确定性，但温度范围内的系统不确定因素可能明显更大。示例图像从两个周期提出，具有较大水平的太阳能活动。在大约25''的分辨率下，1.3 mm波长图像显示在磁盘上的温度，在约2000 k范围内变化。有源区和地板是较热的特征，而大型太阳黑子umbra显示为凹陷，灯丝通道相对较冷。太阳肢体上方的突出是单碟图像的共同特征。

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  • 来源
    《Solar physics》 |2017年第7期|共28页
  • 作者

    White S. M.; Iwai K.; Phillips N. M.; Hills R. E.; Hirota A.; Yagoubov P.; Siringo G.; Shimojo M.; Bastian T. S.; Hales A. S.; Sawada T.; Asayama S.; Sugimoto M.; Marson R. G.; Kawasaki W.; Muller E.; Nakazato T.; Sugimoto K.; Brajsa R.; Skokic I.; Barta M.; Kim S.; Remijan A. J.; de Gregorio I.; Corder S. A.; Hudson H. S.; Loukitcheva M.; Chen B.; De Pontieu B.; Fleishmann G. D.; Gary D. E.; Kobelski A.; Wedemeyer S.; Yan Y.;

  • 作者单位

    Air Force Res Lab Space Vehicles Directorate 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB NM 87117 USA;

    Natl Inst Informat &

    Communicat Technol Koganei Tokyo 1848795 Japan;

    Joint ALMA Observ Alonso Cordova 3107 Santiago 7630355 Chile;

    Cavendish Lab Astrophys Grp JJ Thomson Ave Cambridge CB3 0HE England;

    Joint ALMA Observ Alonso Cordova 3107 Santiago 7630355 Chile;

    European Southern Observ Karl Schwarzschild Str 2 D-85748 Garching Germany;

    Joint ALMA Observ Alonso Cordova 3107 Santiago 7630355 Chile;

    Natl Astron Observ Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 1818588 Japan;

    Natl Radio Astron Observ 520 Edgemont Rd Charlottesville VA 22903 USA;

    Joint ALMA Observ Alonso Cordova 3107 Santiago 7630355 Chile;

    Joint ALMA Observ Alonso Cordova 3107 Santiago 7630355 Chile;

    Joint ALMA Observ Alonso Cordova 3107 Santiago 7630355 Chile;

    Natl Astron Observ Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 1818588 Japan;

    Pete V Domenici Sci Operat Ctr Natl Radio Astron Observ 1003 Lopezville Rd Socorro NM 87801 USA;

    Natl Astron Observ Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 1818588 Japan;

    Natl Astron Observ Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 1818588 Japan;

    Natl Astron Observ Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 1818588 Japan;

    Natl Astron Observ Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 1818588 Japan;

    Univ Zagreb Hvar Observ Fac Geodesy Kaciceva 26 Zagreb 10000 Croatia;

    Czech Acad Sci Astron Inst Fricova 298 Ondrejov 25165 Czech Republic;

    Czech Acad Sci Astron Inst Fricova 298 Ondrejov 25165 Czech Republic;

    Korea Astron &

    Space Sci Inst Daejeon 305348 South Korea;

    Natl Radio Astron Observ 520 Edgemont Rd Charlottesville VA 22903 USA;

    Joint ALMA Observ Alonso Cordova 3107 Santiago 7630355 Chile;

    Joint ALMA Observ Alonso Cordova 3107 Santiago 7630355 Chile;

    Univ Glasgow Sch Phys &

    Astron Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland;

    New Jersey Inst Technol Ctr Solar Terr Res Newark NJ 07102 USA;

    New Jersey Inst Technol Ctr Solar Terr Res Newark NJ 07102 USA;

    Lockheed Martin Solar &

    Astrophys Lab Org A021S Bldg 252 3251 Hanover St Palo Alto CA 94304 USA;

    New Jersey Inst Technol Ctr Solar Terr Res Newark NJ 07102 USA;

    New Jersey Inst Technol Ctr Solar Terr Res Newark NJ 07102 USA;

    Univ Alabama Ctr Space Plasma &

    Aeron Res Huntsville AL 35899 USA;

    Univ Oslo Inst Theoret Astrophys Postboks 1029 N-0315 Oslo Norway;

    Chinese Acad Sci Natl Astron Observ A20 Datun Rd Beijing 100012 Peoples R China;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 太阳物理学;
  • 关键词

    Radio emission; Chromosphere; Heating; chromospheric; Instrumentation and data management;

    机译：无线电发射;铬圈;加热;扫描仪;仪器和数据管理;

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