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首页> 外文期刊>South African Journal of Geology: Being the Transaction of the Geological Society of South African: Syndie die Verhandelinge van die Geologiese Vereniging van Suid-Afrika >The coastal heavy mineral sand deposits of Africa
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The coastal heavy mineral sand deposits of Africa

机译：非洲沿海重型矿物砂矿床

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摘要

The trailing margin of the stable African continent is the depositional environment of several heavy mineral placer deposits of which seven have developed into viable world class operations producing titanium feedstock (ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene) and zircon. At least 30 other deposits are marginal under the present global economic climate but have the potential to be turned into account in the medium term with an increase in demand and higher commodity prices. Combined, the seven operating mines are the biggest single producer of titanium feedstock in the world and the second largest producer of zircon after Australia. Mineral resources are vast and the extensive African coastline offers significant exploration potential and possibly is the largest depository of valuable heavy minerals (VHM) on the planet. Generally, Pliocene to Holocene unconsolidated, siliciclastic sands of predominantly marine-aeolian, but locally fluvial origin host the heavy mineral suite and deposits are large coast-parallel dune fields with or without minor strandlines. Tonnages of these deposits are large and in several instances exceed a billion tons with grades between 2 and 12 percent total heavy minerals (THM). Deposit characteristics are influenced by continental tectonics, coastal morphology, sea level changes, tides, climate and the altered, eroded nature and composition of the provenance. The formation of an economically viable deposit requires the juxtaposition of most, if not all of these conditions to favour heavy mineral concentration with a high VHM content. Mining is by open cast using either dry mechanized, hydraulic monitoring, or floating dredge and wet concentrator methodologies. Mineral separation uses physical properties such as density, magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity to produce high quality concentrates for the international market. Only three of the mines, all located in South Africa, have their own smelters that convert ilmenite into titanium sla
机译：稳定的非洲大陆的尾部缘是几种重型矿物储存器的沉积环境，其中七位已发展成为可行的世界级运营生产钛原料（Ilmenite，金红石，白氧诺）和锆石。在目前的全球经济气氛下，至少有30个其他存款是边缘的，但​​有可能在中期被转变为需求和更高的商品价格。结合了，七种运营矿山是世界上最大的钛原料钛原料和澳大利亚之后第二大生产商。矿产资源庞大，广泛的非洲海岸线提供了显着的勘探潜力，可能是地球上最大的珍贵重型矿物质（VHM）的最大存款。一般来说，全茂到全茂上，主要是海洋 - 阿 - 湾的硅淤积，但局部河流源寄主宿主重型矿泉套房和沉积物是大型海岸平行的沙丘场，有或没有较小的绞线。这些沉积物的吨位大，在几个情况下超过10亿吨，总重量矿物（THM）之间的等级为2％至12％。存款特征受到大陆构造，沿海形态，海平面变化，潮汐，气候和改变，侵蚀性质和原子源的构成的影响。在经济上可行的沉积物的形成需要大多数的并置，如果不是所有这些条件，可以赞成具有高VHM含量的重型矿物质浓度。采矿是使用干机械化，液压监测或漂浮疏通和湿浓缩器方法的开放式铸造。矿物分离使用物理性质，如密度，磁化率和导电性，以为国际市场产生高质量的浓缩物。只有三个地雷，都位于南非，拥有自己的冶炼厂，将ilmenite转化为钛sla

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