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Revised lithostratigraphy of the Upper Permian Balfour and Teekloof formations of the main Karoo Basin,South Africa

机译:修订了南非主要卡卢盆地的上二叠纪Balfour和Teekloof组的Lithostratigraphy

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摘要

A new lithostratigraphic framework is introduced for the Permian Balfour and upper Teekloof formations (lower Beaufort Group) in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa. The Balfour Formation's Barberskrans Member (BM) is identified as the Oudeberg Member at its current type location. Thus the BM requires renaming, and is here defined as the Ripplemead member (RM) after Ripplemead farm 20 km north of Nieu Bethesda. The upper Teekloof Formation is subdivided into the sandstone-poor Steenkampsvlakte Member and sandstone-rich Javanerskop member which occurs in the highest points of the western escarpment between Beaufort West and Fraserburg. The thickness of the Balfour Formation does not significantly change from east to west, but thins rapidly northwards to a point where the Oudeberg Member is not present, and other subdivisions are much attenuated. Recent biostratigraphic revisions of Lopingian tetrapod fauna show the Ripplemead and Javanerskop members are not contemporaneous. Therefore, no lithostratigraphic members in the Upper Permian Beaufort Group have basin wide distribution, and it is recommended that they be used as local markers only in conjunction with other proxies (e.g. biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic markers). Patterns of biostratigraphic disappearance of tetrapods in the Balfour Formation at the same stratigraphic interval throughout the basin despite the thinning of strata northward, supports a temporally phased terrestrial Permo-Triassic mass extinction (PTME). The lack of basin wide lithostratigraphic markers highlights the variable aggradation rates during the deposition of the Beaufort Group caused by foreland tectonics and localised subsidence. A need for a full consideration of these complexities and their effects on the fossil records is therefore required in determining whether the terrestrial PTME is synchronous with the marine extinction.
机译:在南非主要的卡卢盆地介绍了一个新的Lithostraphic框架,为南非主要的卡罗·盆地(较低的Beaufort Group)介绍。 BALFOUR FLAFICATION的BARBERSKRANS成员(BM)被识别为其当前类型位置的Oudeberg成员。因此,BM需要重命名,这里被定义为RIPPLEMEAD农场20公里北北·贝塞斯达北部20公里处的抛布成员(RM)。上层形成的形成被细分为砂岩可怜的斯莱克斯瓦克克特成员和砂岩丰富的Javanerskop成员,这发生在Beaufort West和Fraserburg之间的西部悬崖上的最高点。 Balfour形成的厚度从东部到西部不会显着变化,但迅速向北迅速向欧瓦尔格成员不存在的点,而其他细分则衰减。 Lopingian Tetrapod Fauna最近的生物数据库修订显示抛物成叠和Javanerskop成员不同时。因此,上部二叠纪Beaufort群中没有岩石车成员具有盆地广泛的分布,建议他们仅与其他代理一起用作本地标记(例如生物数据库和计时标记)。在整个盆地的相同地层间隔中,在平坦的地层间隔中的生物数据涂层曲线图案尽管北方的层次稀疏,请支持颞下逐步逐步的陆地渗透型质量灭火(PTME)。缺乏盆地宽阔的岩石车辆标记突出了由前陆构造和本地化沉降引起的Beaufort组沉积过程中的可变委员会。因此,需要充分考虑这些复杂性及其对化石记录的影响,在确定陆地PTME是否与海洋灭绝同步。

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