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Sphyrapicus varius (Yellow-bellied Sapsucker) use of Cotinus obovatus (American Smoketree) in the Ozark Mountains

机译：Sphyrapicus varius（黄铃sapsucker）在ozark山区使用cotinus obovatus（美国烟虫）

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摘要

Sphyrapicus varius (Yellow-bellied Sapsucker) has been reported drilling sap wells in more than 250 species of trees and woody vines in eastern North America. Criteria for species selection and use of geographically restricted endemics are poorly understood. Here I report drilling frequencies in Cotinus obovatus (American Smoketree), a rare endemic whose center of abundance occurs in the wintering range of Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers in the Ozark Mountains. Horizontal bands of sap wells were present on 4.5% of specimens (DBH >= 7 cm; n = 402) and 12.1% of larger-diameter classes (DBH >= 20 cm; n = 149). Sapsuckers preferred larger trees exhibiting little cambial dieback. Latticed arrays of sap wells similar to those observed on breeding territories were present on several large specimens. This survey indicates that the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker exploits rare species that may only be encountered on their winter territories. Documentation of a yearling inspecting a preexisting array of sap wells suggests that yearlings may obtain cues for appropriate tree species selection by examining sapsucker drillings encountered on wintering grounds. Because sap wells persist for years, cultural transmission of sapping information is likely transgenerational.
机译：Sphyrapicus varius（黄铃sapsucker）已经报道，在北美东部的250多种树木和木质藤蔓中，钻井井。物种选择和使用地理上限制的管理的标准知之甚少。在这里，我在Cotinus Obovatus（美国烟虫）中报告了钻探频率，这是一种罕见的地方，其丰富的越冬范围在Ozark Mountains的越冬。 SAP孔的水平带呈4.5％的样品（DBH> = 7cm; n = 402），12.1％的较大直径等级（DBH> = 20cm; n = 149）。 Sapsuckers更优选较大的树木，展示小爪子倒背。类似于在繁殖领土上观察到的SAP Wells的格子阵列存在于几种大型标本上。该调查表明，黄铃的Sapsucker利用罕见的物种，这些物种只能在冬季领土上遇到。检测预先存在的SAP Wells阵列的七七分文档表明，通过检查越冬地面遇到的SASPARER钻孔，一年可以获得适当的树种选择的线索。由于SAP Wells多年来，所以SAPPED信息的文化传输很可能是转基因的。

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  • 来源
    《Southeastern naturalist》 |2019年第3期|共11页
  • 作者

    Graves Gary R.;

  • 作者单位

    Smithsonian Inst Dept Vertebrate Zool Natl Museum Nat Hist MRC 116 POB 37012 Washington DC 20013 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然地理学;
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