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首页> 外文期刊>Sedimentology: Journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists >Clastic injectites, internal structures and flow regime during injection: The Sea Lion Injectite System, North Falkland Basin
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Clastic injectites, internal structures and flow regime during injection: The Sea Lion Injectite System, North Falkland Basin

机译:注射过程中的碎片注射,内部结构和流动制度:北福克兰盆地海狮注射系统

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This paper details and describes a suite of 143 sub-seismic-scale clastic injectites encountered within the early Cretaceous, early post-rift of the deep-lacustrine North Falkland Basin. The injectites, referred to here as the Sea Lion Injectite System, are encountered below, above and in between the hydrocarbon-bearing, deep-lacustrine turbidite sandstones of the Bleaker 30, Sea Lion North, Sea Lion, Casper and Beverley fans. Sedimentary structures are documented within the injectites including: planar laminations, mud-clast imbrication and clast alignment. Clasts align along centimetre-scale foresets formed through ripple-scale bedform migration in a hydraulically-open fracture. The style of flow within the injectite system is interpreted as initially through fluid turbulence during an open fracture phase, which was followed by a later stage where laminar flow dominated, most likely during the closing phase of the fracture system. The host rocks display evidence for ductile deformation, which along with ptygmatic folding of dykes and internally injected mud-clasts, suggests a period of injection into relatively uncompacted sediments. Evidence for brittle fracturing, in the form of stepped margins may be indicative of a separate phase of emplacement into more-compacted sediments. This variability in deformation styles is related to multi-phased injection episodes into host strata at different stages of consolidation and lithification at shallow burial depths. Injectites have been identified in four stratigraphic groupings: above the Bleaker 30 Fan and within/above the Sea Lion North Fan; within the hydrocarbon-bearing Sea Lion Fan; overlying the Sea Lion Fan; and above/below the hydrocarbon-bearing Casper and Beverley fans. This spatial association with the hydrocarbon-bearing fans of the North Falkland Basin is important, considering the ability of injectite networks to form effective fluid-flow conduits in the subsurface. Consequently, the findings of this study will improve the characterization of sub-seismic scale injectites (and therefore fluid conduits) within otherwise impermeable strata.
机译:本文详细介绍了一套143个次地震型碎片射入物,在早期的白垩纪,深湖北福克兰盆地的早期裂缝后期遭遇。在此称为海狮注射系统的注射物,如下,上方和在烧杯30,海狮北部,海狮,卡珀和留佛式粉丝之间的深层湖泊浊度砂岩。沉积结构记录在注射物中,包括:平面叠片,泥浆夹层和夹斗对齐。沿着液压开口骨折中的纹波尺寸弯曲叶片迁移形成的沿厘米级小树脂沿厘米级小树脂。注射系统内的流动风格被解释为初始通过在开口断裂阶段期间的流体湍流,其后是稍后的层流导地位,最有可能在裂缝系统的闭合阶段。主持人岩石显示延展性变形的证据,随着堤坝和内部注射的泥浆碎屑的Ptygmatic折叠,表明一段时间内注射到相对无与伦比的沉积物中。脆性压裂的证据,以阶梯边缘的形式可以指示单独的施加成更紧凑的沉积物。变形样式的这种变异性与多相注射发作有关,以在浅埋深度的不同阶段的宿主地层中。注射物已在四个地层分组中识别:在漂流者30风扇上方和海狮北部风扇内部/以上;含烃海狮粉丝内;覆盖海狮粉丝;含碳氢化合物的Casper和Beverley风扇之上/下方/下方。这种与北福克兰盆地的碳氢化合物风扇的空间联合很重要,考虑到注射网络在地下形成有效的流体流动管道的能力。因此,该研究的发现将改善诸如不渗透的地层内的子地震尺度注射仪(以及因此流体管道)的表征。

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