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首页> 外文期刊>Surveys in Geophysics: An International Review Journal of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences >Progress in the Study of Transient Luminous and Atmospheric Events: A Review
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Progress in the Study of Transient Luminous and Atmospheric Events: A Review

机译：瞬态发光和大气事件研究进展：综述

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摘要

Transient luminous events (TLEs) such as sprites, blue jets (BJs) and elves have been studied intensively during the last three decades, and much is now known of their properties. This progress is caused by several factors including satellite optical observations, ground-based measurements of sprite-produced electromagnetic fields, the use of high-speed video observations and telescopic cameras with high resolution that enables one to trace the dynamics of sprite and BJ development. In this paper, we review various types of TLEs, including recently discovered dancing sprites, gnomes, ultraviolet (UV) atmospheric flashes and other effects. The sprite initiation, visible evolution, streamer structure, and their relationship with intra-cloud (IC) process are discussed. Considerable study has been given to ULF/ELF measurements which can provide us with important information on the delayed sprite generation and the role played by IC processes in the perturbation of the lower ionosphere above the sprite. A set of electrodynamic and transport kinetic equations describing the TLEs are complicated because the number densities, mobilities of electrons and ions, reaction constants and other parameters are strongly dependent on altitude. Because of this, the majority of theoretical study of TLEs and other large-scale optical phenomena at high altitude are based on numerical modeling of the basic kinetic, transport and electrodynamic equations describing TLEs evolution, whereas the analytical theory remains a formidable task to be accomplished. In this paper, we review a few analytical results, which have been recently derived from simple physical models of the TLEs phenomena. In the remainder of this paper, we focus our attention on the properties of UV flashes in the mesosphere, which have been observed onboard Russian microsatellites "Universitetsky-Tanyana" and "Vernov." Such a kind of optical flash is referred to as a transient atmospheric event, which differs from the TLEs in optical energy, duration and other parameters.
机译：在过去的三十年中，已经研究了瞬态发光事件（TLES），如精灵，蓝色喷气机（BJS）和精灵，现在已知其特性。这一进展是由多个因素引起的，包括卫星光学观察，精灵产生的电磁场的地基测量，高速视频观测和具有高分辨率的伸缩摄像机，使一个能够追踪精灵和BJ开发的动态。在本文中，我们审查了各种类型的TLES，包括最近发现的跳舞精灵，侏儒，紫外线（UV）大气闪光和其他效果。讨论了精灵启动，可见的演化，拖缆结构及其与云内（IC）过程的关系。已经向ULF / ELF测量提供了相当大的研究，其可以为我们提供关于延迟精灵产生的重要信息，并且IC过程在精灵上方的下电离层的扰动中的IC过程发挥作用。描述TLES的一组电动和传输动力学方程是复杂的，因为数量密度，电子和离子的迁移率，反应常数和其他参数强烈地取决于高度。因此，高海拔地区的大多数理论研究和其他大型光学现象的基本模型基于描述TLES演化的基本动力学，传输和电动方程的数值模型，而分析理论仍然是一个突出的任务。在本文中，我们审查了一些分析结果，最近源自TLES现象的简单物理模型。在本文的剩余部分中，我们将注意力集中在介质圈中紫外线闪烁的性质，这些属性在俄罗斯微卫星“Universitetsky-Tanyana”和“Vernov”中被观察到。这种光学闪光被称为瞬态大气事件，其不同于光学能量，持续时间和其他参数中的特拉布。

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