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首页> 外文期刊>Systematic Biology >Global Diversification of Anelosimus Spiders Driven by Long-Distance Overwater Dispersal and Neogene Climate Oscillations
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Global Diversification of Anelosimus Spiders Driven by Long-Distance Overwater Dispersal and Neogene Climate Oscillations

机译：由长距离水平分散和Neogene气候振荡驱动的Anelosimus蜘蛛的全局多样化

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摘要

Vicariance and dispersal events, combined with intricate global climatic history, have left an imprint on the spatiotemporal distribution and diversity of many organisms. Anelosimus cobweb spiders (Theridiidae), are organisms ranging in behavior from solitary to highly social, with a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate to tropical areas. Their evolutionary history and the discontinuous distribution of species richness suggest that 1) long-distance overwater dispersal and 2) climate change during the Neogene (23-2.6 Ma), may be major factors in explaining their distribution and diversification. Here, we test these hypotheses, and explicitly test if global Miocene/Pliocene climatic cooling in the last 8 Ma affected Anelosimus radiation in parallel in South America and Madagascar. To do so, we investigate the phylogeny and spatiotemporal biogeography of Anelosimus through a culmination of a 20-year comprehensive global sampling at the species level (69 species, including 84% of the known 75 species worldwide, represented by 268 individuals) using nucleotide data from seven loci (5.5 kb). Our results strongly support the monophyly of Anelosimus with an Oligocene (similar to 30 Ma) South American origin. Major clades on other continents originate via multiple, long-distance dispersal events, of solitary or subsocial-but not social-lineages, from the Americas. These intercontinental dispersals were to Africa, Madagascar (twice), and SE Asia/Australasia. The early diversification of Anelosimus spiders coincides with a sudden thermal increase in the late Oligocene (similar to 27-25 Ma), though no causal connection can be made. Our results, however, strongly support the hypothesis that global Neogene climatic cooling in the last 8 Ma drove Anelosimus radiation in parallel in South America and Madagascar, offering a rare empirical evidence for diversification of a socially diverse group driven by an interplay between long-distance dispersal and global Neogene climatic changes.
机译：职业和分散事件，结合复杂的全球气候历史，对许多生物体的时空分布和多样性留下了印记。 Anelosimus蜘蛛网蜘蛛（Theridiidae）是从孤独到高度社交的行为的生物，在温带到热带地区的国际化分布。它们的进化历史和物种丰富的不连续分布表明，1）Neogene（23-2.6 mA）期间的长距离水平分散和2）气候变化可能是解释其分配和多样化的主要因素。在这里，我们测试这些假设，并明确测试最后8 mA在南美洲和马达加斯加平行的AneLosimus辐射的全球内肾上腺炎冷却。为此，我们通过在物种级别（69种，包括核苷酸数据的综合全球综合取样（69种，包括268个个体所代表的75种，包括核苷酸数据）的20年综合全球抽样，研究了胆管血症的系统发育和时空生物地理摄影。从七个位置（5.5 kB）。我们的结果强烈支持与南美洲南美洲南美洲裔其他大陆的主要种族源于来自美洲的孤独或非社会界限的多个长途分散事件，而不是社会界限。这些洲际分散人员是非洲，马达加斯加（两次）和SE亚洲/澳大利亚。胆管素蜘蛛的早期多样化与晚寡核苷（类似于27-25 mA）的突然热增加，尽管可以制造任何因果关系。然而，我们的结果强烈支持了过去8 MA在南美洲和马达加斯加平行的全球Neogene气候冷却的假设，这是一个罕见的经验证据，用于在长途之间相互作用驱动的社会多样化的集团的多样化分散和全球新生气候变化。

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