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首页> 外文期刊>Synthese: An International Journal for Epistemology, Methodology and Philosophy of Science >Knowledge from scientific expert testimony without epistemic trust
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Knowledge from scientific expert testimony without epistemic trust

机译：来自科学专家证词的知识没有认知信任

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摘要

In this paper we address the question of how it can be possible for a non-expert to acquire justified true belief from expert testimony. We discuss reductionism and epistemic trust as theoretical approaches to answer this question and present a novel solution that avoids major problems of both theoretical options: Performative Expert Testimony (PET). PET draws on a functional account of expertise insofar as it takes the expert's visibility as a good informant capable to satisfy informational needs as equally important as her specific skills and knowledge. We explain how PET generates justification for testimonial belief, which is at once assessable for non-experts and maintains the division of epistemic labor between them and the experts. Thereafter we defend PET against two objections. First, we point out that the non-expert's interest in acquiring widely assertable true beliefs and the expert's interest in maintaining her status as a good informant counterbalances the relativist account of justification at work in PET. Second, we show that with regard to the interests at work in testimonial exchanges between experts and non-experts, PET yields a better explanation of knowledge-acquisition from expert testimony than externalist accounts of justification such as reliabilism. As our arguments ground in a conception of knowledge, which conceives of belief-justification as a declarative speech act, throughout the rearmost sections of this paper we also indicate to how such a conception is operationalized in PET.
机译：在本文中，我们解决了非专家如何从专家证词中获得合理的真实信仰。我们讨论还原能力和认知信任作为回答这个问题的理论方法，并提出了一种新的解决方案，避免了理论选择的主要问题：表演专家证词（宠物）。宠物在专业知识上借鉴专业知识，因为它将专家的可见性作为一个能够满足信息需求的优秀信息，如同她的具体技能和知识同样重要。我们解释了宠物如何为推荐信念产生理由，这是一旦不评估非专家的评估，并在他们与专家之间维护认识型劳动力。此后，我们捍卫宠物反对两个反对意见。首先，我们指出，非专家对获取广泛断言的真正信仰和专家对维持她的地位的兴趣保持良好的信息，对付宠物在宠物工作中的合理叙述的依据。其次，我们表明，关于专家和非专家之间的推荐交流的工作中的兴趣，PET产生了更好地解释了从专家证词的知识获取而不是作为可靠性等理由的账户。正如我们在知识概念的概念中的争论中，在本文的最后一个部分中构思了信仰的理念，我们还表明了这种观念在宠物中运作的概念。

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