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DNA barcoding of ancient parasites

机译：古代寄生虫的DNA条形码

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摘要

Ancient samples present a number of technical challenges for DNA barcoding, including damaged DNA with low endogenous copy number and short fragment lengths. Nevertheless, techniques are available to overcome these issues, and DNA barcoding has now been used to successfully recover parasite DNA from a wide variety of ancient substrates, including coprolites, cesspit sediment, mummified tissues, burial sediments and permafrost soils. The study of parasite DNA from ancient samples can provide a number of unique scientific insights, for example: (1) into the parasite communities and health of prehistoric human populations; (2) the ability to reconstruct the natural parasite faunas of rare or extinct host species, which has implications for conservation management and de-extinction; and (3) the ability to view in ‘real-time’ processes that may operate over century- or millenial-timescales, such as how parasites responded to past climate change events or how they co-evolved alongside their hosts. The application of DNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing to ancient specimens has so far been limited, but in future promises great potential for gaining empirical data on poorly understood processes such as parasite co-extinction.
机译：古代样本呈现了DNA条形码的许多技术挑战，包括具有低内源拷贝数和短片长度的损坏的DNA。尽管如此，可以使用技术来克服这些问题，现在已经使用DNA条形码从各种古代底物中成功地恢复寄生虫DNA，包括群，遗物泥浆，木乃伊化组织，埋葬沉积物和永久性土壤。来自古代样品的寄生虫DNA的研究可以提供许多独特的科学洞察力，例如：（1）进入寄生虫社区和史前人口的健康; （2）重建稀有或灭绝宿主物种的天然寄生虫动物的能力，这有助于保护管理和解除灭绝; （3）能够在“实时”流程中，这些过程可能经营多世纪或千年 - 时间尺度，例如寄生虫如何回应过去的气候变化事件或它们如何与其主人一起进化。 DNA地区的应用和高通量测序对古代标本的应用已经有限，但在未来承诺有可能获得对寄生虫遗传学遗漏较差的过程的经验数据的巨大潜力。

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