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Early Eocene Thermal Maximum 3: Biotic Response at Walvis Ridge (SE Atlantic Ocean)

机译：早期的eocene热最多3：Walvis Ridge（SE大西洋）的生物反应

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摘要

We combine stable isotope, calcareous nannoplankton, and benthic foraminiferal records for Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1262 (paleodepth ~3,500 m) and 1263 (paleodepth ~1,500 m) on Walvis Ridge (SE Atlantic), to document the marine biotic response to Eocene Thermal Maximum 3, in the early part of the Early Eocene Climate Optimum, ~3.1 Myr after the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum. Bottom water warming may have decreased the vertical thermal gradient at both sites, but more at Site 1263 than at Site 1262. Floral and faunal changes were more muted at Site 1262 than at shallower Site 1263, indicating that carbonate dissolution was not the most important cause of biotic effects. Assemblage changes were more pronounced in benthos than in plankton. Calcareous nannofossils underwent minor ecological changes, possibly related to the presence of warmer waters, especially at Site 1263, and dissolution-resistant taxa increased in abundance. Benthic foraminiferal diversity decreased at both sites, but benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates declined dramatically at Site 1263, remaining stable at Site 1262. Ocean circulation may have changed during ETM3, resulting in the presence of a warmer (intermediate) water mass at Site 1263. More pronounced warming may have caused enhanced remineralization of organic matter, so less food reached the benthos. The biotic response to the X-event was less pronounced than that to earlier and more severe hyperthermal events, the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2. The extent of the biotic response reflects the severity of the environmental disturbance but varies by location (e.g., paleodepth on Walvis Ridge).
机译：我们将稳定的同位素，钙质甘露花植物和底栖钻井计划站点1262（古部门〜3,500米）和1263（古部门〜1,500米）组合在Walvis Ridge（SE Atlantic）上，以将海洋生物反应记录到何种遗传最大值3，在早期的初级何期气候最佳，古典/何群热最大后〜3.1 MYR。底部水温可能降低了两个位点的垂直热梯度，而是在部位1263的位置比在1262位。花香和鳄鲸的变化比在现场1262比较浅的部位1263更静音，表明碳酸盐溶解不是最重要的原因生物效应。 Benthos的组合变化比在浮游生物中更加明显。钙质Nannofossils经历了较小的生态变化，可能与较温暖水域的存在有关，特别是在部位1263，并且抗腐蚀的分类群在丰度中增加。底栖多氨基因素多样性在两种位置下降，但底栖多氨基聚集率在部位1263的情况下显着下降，在部位1262的剩余稳定性。海洋循环可能在ETM3期间发生变化，导致位于部位1263的较温暖（中间）水质的存在。更多明显的变暖可能导致有机物质的增强综合化，因此较少的食物达到了底栖体。对X-event的生物响应不如早期更严重，更严重的高热事件，古烯/ eocene热最大和何种虫热最大值2.生物反应的程度反映了环境干扰的严重程度，但通过位置变化（例如，在Walvis山脊上的古一小区）。

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