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首页> 外文期刊>Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment: An International Journal for Scientific Research on the Relationship of Agriculture and Food Production to the Biosphere >Potassium assessment of grain producing soils in North China
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Potassium assessment of grain producing soils in North China

机译：华北地区粮食生产土壤钾素评价

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摘要

Agricultural land around the world is often potassium (K) deficient, and decreasing soil K availability is a global challenge for grain producers. In China, negative K budgets are ubiquitous and K depletion is accelerating. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effect of insufficient K fertilizer on single soil types and cropping systems but have not evaluated the effects of balanced fertilizer application on K budgets. In this study, soil K budgets of grain producing soils and the effects of K fertilizer application on crops under different cropping systems and soil types were evaluated from 1992 to 2006. Two treatments each at nine locations in North China were replicated four times, four plots received nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application exclusively, and the other four plots received N, P, and K fertilizer application. Basic soil properties, available K, slowly available K, crop rotations, crop K absorption, and yield were monitored and evaluated and K budgets and K use efficiencies were calculated. Average annual K absorption by crops with K fertilizer application was 230.2 kg ha(-1) K2O, and the average annual deficit was 46.8 kg ha(-1) K2O. Long-term application of K fertilizer increased available soil K on all nine sites by an average of 35.7 mg kg(-1). Annual K absorption by crops averaged 99.0 kg ha(-1) in the northeast region, 181.2 kg ha(-1) in the north-central region, and 220.9 kg ha(-1) in the northwest region. Annual K fertilizer use efficiency in the northeast (39.9%) and north-central (38.8%) regions were higher than in the northwest (17.8%). Correlations between annual K budgets and K use efficiency with fertilizer application, crop rotation, and soil type were weak. High spatial variability and low correlation between variables is a result of the complex mechanisms of K cycling. Research directions are proposed which would contribute to a better understanding of these mechanisms and processes and how they affect agronomic and economic objectives. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：世界各地的农业用地通常缺钾（K），而减少土壤钾的利用率对谷物生产者来说是一个全球性挑战。在中国，负的K预算无处不在，并且K的消耗正在加速。以前的研究主要集中在钾肥不足对单一土壤类型和耕作制度的影响上，但没有评估平衡施肥对钾肥预算的影响。在本研究中，评估了1992年至2006年不同种植系统和土壤类型下的粮食生产土壤的土壤K收支状况以及钾肥的施用对作物的影响。在华北地区的九个地点各进行了两次重复处理，共四次重复试验地块仅接受氮（N）和磷（P）施肥，其他四个地块均施氮，磷和钾。监测和评估土壤的基本特性，有效钾，缓慢有效钾，轮作，作物钾吸收和产量，并计算出钾预算和钾利用效率。施用钾肥的农作物的年平均钾吸收量为230.2 kg ha（-1）K2O，年平均赤字为46.8 kg ha（-1）K2O。长期施用钾肥可以使所有九个地点的土壤有效钾平均增加35.7 mg kg（-1）。东北地区农作物的年均钾吸收量为99.0 kg ha（-1），中北部地区为181.2 kg ha（-1），而西北地区为220.9 kg ha（-1）。东北（39.9％）和中北部（38.8％）地区的年度钾肥使用效率高于西北地区（17.8％）。年度钾肥预算与钾肥使用效率，施肥，轮作和土壤类型之间的相关性较弱。高空间变异性和变量之间的低相关性是K循环机制复杂的结果。提出了研究方向，将有助于更好地理解这些机制和过程以及它们如何影响农艺和经济目标。 （c）2011 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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