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首页> 外文期刊>Pathobiology: journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology >Tumor Heterogeneity in Colorectal Cancer: What Do We Know So Far?
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Tumor Heterogeneity in Colorectal Cancer: What Do We Know So Far?

机译：肿瘤异质性在结肠直肠癌中：到目前为止，我们知道什么？

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Colorectal cancer is not one disease but rather a collection of neoplastic diseases. Due to heterogeneity in the disease biology, therapy response, and prognosis, extensive disease stratification is required. Therefore, TNM stage, microsatellite status, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, and other parameters are assessed in the pathology report to indicate the extent and prognosis of the disease. The mutation status of KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS is also investigated in a metastatic context to predict the response to anti-EGFR therapy. Recently, 4 distinct molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer have been described that have both prognostic and therapeutic relevance. In addition, characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate revealed major differences in the amount and location of inflammatory cells in distinct colorectal tumor types. Together, all of these parameters help to stratify patients into different therapeutic and prognostic subgroups. However, this stratification is not unambiguous since tumors often display intratumoral heterogeneity, whereby several subpopulations within one tumor show differences in morphology, inflammatory infiltrate, mutational status, or gene expression profile. This article gives an overview of all of the current known data with regard to tumor heterogeneity at both inter- and intratumoral levels. (C) 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.
机译：结肠直肠癌不是一种疾病，而是一系列肿瘤疾病。由于疾病生物学，治疗反应和预后的异质性，需要广泛的疾病分层。因此，在病理报告中评估了TNM阶段，微卫星状态，肿瘤级，淋巴血管侵袭和其他参数，以表明该疾病的程度和预后。在转移性背景下还研究了KRA，BRAF和NRA的突变状态，以预测对抗EGFR治疗的反应。最近，已经描述了4种不同的结肠直肠癌亚型，其具有预后和治疗相关性。此外，炎性浸润的表征揭示了炎症细胞在不同结肠直肠肿瘤类型中的量和位置的主要差异。所有这些参数一起有助于将患者分成不同的治疗和预后亚组。然而，这种分层不是明确的，因为肿瘤通常会显示腹腔内的异质性，从而在一个肿瘤内的几个亚群显示形态，炎症性浸润，突变状态或基因表达谱的差异。本文概述了关于肿瘤异质性的所有当前已知的数据，两者在间肿瘤间水平。 （c）2018年S. Karger AG，巴塞尔。

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