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首页> 外文期刊>Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment: An International Journal for Scientific Research on the Relationship of Agriculture and Food Production to the Biosphere >Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils: Mechanisms and future directions
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Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils: Mechanisms and future directions

机译：生物炭改良土壤的理化性质和微生物响应：机理和未来方向

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Soil microbial communities are responsive to biochar amendments. As the residence time of biochar in soil is expected to be hundreds to thousands of years, the changes in microbial community structure and functions could persist for a long period of time. Given that biochar is being applied as a soil amendment in many parts of the world, the long-term consequences for soil microbial communities need to be considered. The objective of this review is to document how biochar creates new habitats and changes the soil environment for microorganisms, which may lead to changes in microbial abundance, community structure and activities. Our meta-analysis revealed that slow pyrolyzed biochars produced from various feedstocks at temperatures from 300 degrees C to 600 degrees C consistently increased some physicochemical properties (i.e., pH, cation exchange capacity and aggregation) and microbial parameters (i.e., abundance and community structure of microorganisms) in a vast number of soils during short (= 90 days) laboratory incubations and longer (1-3 years) field studies. The biochar-mediated changes in soil physico-chemical and biological properties appeared to be a function of soil texture and biochar type based on its feedstock and production temperature, which determines key biochar characteristics such as surface area, porosity and pH. Biochars derived from manure or crop residue feedstocks tend to promote microbial abundance more than wood-derived biochars. Biochars derived from wood and other lignocellulosic-rich feedstocks tend to exhibit beneficial effects on soil microbial abundance later (>= 60 days) than biochars from manure or crop residue feedstocks. Coarse textured soils tend to have less aggregation, lower microbial biomass and lower enzyme activities when amended with slow pyrolyzed biochars produced at high temperatures (>600 degrees C), but these biochars did not affect the physico-chemical and biological properties of clayey soils. Further research is needed to evaluate the magnitude of biochar influence on soil microbial abundance and activities considering (1) the biochar particle size, surface area, porosity, nutrient content and pH, and (2) the soil organic matter (SOM) content and microbial abundance of the soil matrix. Once the microbial activities in the biochar-soil system are understood, they can be manipulated through organic and inorganic fertilizer applications to sustain or improve agricultural crop production. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：土壤微生物群落对生物炭的修正有反应。由于生物炭在土壤中的停留时间预计为数百至数千年，因此微生物群落结构和功能的变化可能会持续很长时间。鉴于生物炭在世界许多地方都被用作土壤改良剂，因此需要考虑对土壤微生物群落的长期影响。这篇综述的目的是记录生物炭如何创造新的生境并改变微生物的土壤环境，这可能导致微生物丰度，群落结构和活动的变化。我们的荟萃分析显示，在300摄氏度至600摄氏度的温度下，由各种原料产生的慢速热解生物炭不断提高了某些理化特性（即pH值，阳离子交换能力和聚集度）和微生物参数（即生物碱的丰度和群落结构）短期（<= 90天）实验室培养和较长时间（1-3年）实地研究中的大量土壤中的微生物）。生物炭介导的土壤理化和生物性质的变化似乎是土壤质地和生物炭类型的函数，取决于其原料和生产温度，这决定了关键的生物炭特征，例如表面积，孔隙度和pH。粪肥或农作物残渣原料产生的生物炭比木屑衍生的生物炭更能促进微生物的丰度。与来自粪肥或农作物残渣原料的生物炭相比，衍生自木材和其他富含木质纤维素的原料的生物炭对土壤微生物丰度的影响更晚（> = 60天）。当用高温（> 600摄氏度）产生的慢速热解生物炭进行修正时，粗细的土壤往往具有较少的聚集，较低的微生物生物量和较低的酶活性，但这些生物炭不会影响黏土的物理化学和生物学特性。考虑到（1）生物炭的粒径，表面积，孔隙率，养分含量和pH值，以及（2）土壤有机质（SOM）含量和微生物，需要进一步研究以评估生物炭对土壤微生物丰度和活性的影响程度。土壤基质的丰度。一旦了解了生物炭-土壤系统中的微生物活动，就可以通过施用有机和无机肥料来控制它们，以维持或改善农作物的生产。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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