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Neuroinflammation in addiction: A review of neuroimaging studies and potential immunotherapies

机译:成瘾神经炎炎症:对神经影像学研究和潜在免疫治疗的综述

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摘要

Addiction is a worldwide public health problem and this article reviews scientific advances in identifying the role of neuroinflammation in the genesis, maintenance, and treatment of substance use disorders. With an emphasis on neuroimaging techniques, this review examines human studies of addiction using positron emission tomography to identify binding of translocator protein (TSPO), which is upregulated in reactive glial cells and activated microglia during pathological states. High TSPO levels have been shown in methamphetamine use but exhibits variable patterns in cocaine use. Alcohol and nicotine use, however, are associated with lower TSPO levels. We discuss how mechanistic differences at the neurotransmitter and circuit level in the neural effects of these agents and subsequent immune response may explain these observations. Finally, we review the potential of anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibudilast, minocycline, and pioglitazone, to ameliorate the behavioral and cognitive consequences of addiction.
机译:成瘾是一个全球公共卫生问题,本文审查了鉴定神经引起炎症在原因,维护和治疗物质使用障碍中的作用的科学进步。该评价重点是,本综述研究了使用正电子发射断层扫描的成瘾的人类研究,以鉴定易偶蛋白(TSPO)的结合,这在活性胶质细胞和病理状态期间活化的小胶质细胞上调。在甲基苯丙胺使用中显示出高TSPO水平,但在可卡因使用中表现出可变模式。然而,酒精和尼古丁使用较低的TSPO水平。我们讨论了这些药物的神经递质和电路水平的机械差异如何以及随后的免疫应答的神经效应可以解释这些观察结果。最后,我们审查了抗炎药的潜力,包括IBudilast,米诺霉素和吡格列酮,以改善成瘾的行为和认知后果。

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